The higher the frequency, the deeper tissue penetration
The higher the frequency, the better the axial resolution
low-frequency transducers are of 6 to 10 MHz
the deeper tissue penetration, the better axial resolution
B. The higher the frequency, the better the axial resolution
ejaculatory duct
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
rectal wall
DTPA
DMSA
gallium-67
MAG-3
embolizing the non-target artery might occur
severe pain at the renal area could occur
complications depend on the embolic agent
reactive left pulmonary edema
grey-scale
simultaneous bilateral views
color Doppler
power Doppler
renal tuberculosis
renal abscess
renal cell carcinoma
angiomyolipoma
reliable tool to exclude urinary calculi
calcifications at renal area might lead to the discovery of renal cancers
can detect soft tissues
fecoliths and phleboliths could be mistaken for calculi
evaluating a probable bladder rupture
evaluating a probable colovesical or vesicovaginal fistulae
evaluating a probable intravesical pathology
evaluating a probable bladder diverticula
hydrocalicosis
extrarenal pelvis
parapelvic cyst
class 2 Bosniak renal cyst
bleeding angiomyolipomas
an alternative to nephrectomy in severe uncontrolled hypertension among patients with end-stage renal disease
renal artery aneurysms or symptomatic AV malformations
all of the above
nuclear medicine
ultrasonography
X-ray fluoroscopy
intravenous urography
0 minute
5 minutes
10 minutes
renal parenchyma does not appear on IVU
air
water
fat
bone
evaluation of probable ureteral obstruction
in conjunction with ureteroscopy
evaluation of hematuria
evaluation of probable ureterovesical reflux
repeated febrile UTI in children
evaluating a probable posterior urethral valve
a & b
none of the above
The higher the frequency, the deeper tissue penetration
The higher the frequency, the better the axial resolution
low-frequency transducers are of 6 to 10 MHz
the deeper tissue penetration, the better axial resolution
MRI
CT
ultrasound
all are comparable
more than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2
more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2
more than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2
none of the above
RCC
metastases
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma
dark
intermediate
bright
none of the above
using bladder scanner
measuring the voided urine
using abdominal ultrasonography
performing urinary catheterization
intratesticular hematoma
testicular abscess
orchitis
sex cord stromal tumors
diseases affecting the proximal convoluted tubules inhibit DMSA uptake
it is ideal to assess UPJ obstruction in adults
gentamicin and cisplatin inhibit the DMSA uptake
it allows better assessment of differential renal function
DTPA provides better quality images with renal insufficiency
by giving captopril, MAG3 plasma clearance declines in hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis but rises in those who do not have the disease
DTPA provides an excellent measurement of GFR
in pediatrics, MAG3 provides better quality images than DTPA
take urine acidifiers
withhold metformin the day before the study and restart 48 hrs. later
get premedicated by steroids and antihistamines
decrease metformin dose and turn to insulin
epididymal cysts
testicular tumors
renal stones
penile vasculature
can be mistaken for a ureteral stone
is a small single, usually spiky, calcification within a vein
the amount of phleboliths increases with age
appears more often on the left than on the right side of the pelvis
small non-obstructive calculi might be missed at MRU performed for the evaluation of hematuria
in pediatrics, performing a dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging helps in evaluating crossing vessels in the setting of UPJ obstruction
the success of static-fluid MR urography depends on the presence of fluid within the urinary system regardless of renal function
MRU at 3T, carries the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
prominent columns of Bertin
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
lymphoma
renal infarction
epinephrine
atropine
hydrocortisone
antihistamine
hypoechoic
hyperechoic
anechoic
isoechoic