What is false concerning carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) of urinary tract?
frequently found in association with high-grade or extensive TCC
has a rate of progression to muscle invasion of 10-25%
significant areas of CIS are easily missed by routine cystoscopy
treatment begins with TURBT
Correct Answer :
B. has a rate of progression to muscle invasion of 10-25%
the progression rate to muscle invasion is 50-75%.
Related Questions
Concerning upper tract urothelial tumors, what is the single most important predictor of outcome?
tumor stage
tumor grade
lymphovascular invasion
lymph node spread
What gene mutation is common in carcinoma-in-situ of urinary bladder?
RB
cyclin A
HRAS
CD-44
During women`s life span, what percentage of women will develop keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder?
10%
20%
30%
40%
What is NOT a contraindication to BCG treatment?
history of pulmonary TB
total incontinence
immunosuppression
impaired renal function
Risk factors for recurrence and progression of bladder cancers include the following:
multifocality
high tumor grade and advanced stage
presence of CIS
all of the above
In what percentages of patients do bilateral upper tract tumors occur either synchronously or metachronously?
0.6 - 2%
2 - 6%
6 - 10%
12 - 16%
Bladder cancer patients who once failed BCG vaccine, should:
undergo cystectomy
try mitomycin c
take a second course of BCG
take a second course of BCG + quinolones
The treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer in men includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
radical cysto-prostatectomy
anterior pelvic exenteration
bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy
creation of a urinary diversion
Partial cystectomy for bladder tumors can be performed when the following criterion(a) is(are) met:
the lesion is solitary and no associated CIS
physically, a surgical margin of 2-cm can be obtained
the resected area should be far enough from ureteral orifices and the bladder neck
all of the following
The 5-yr survival rates of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are:
40 - 55%
55 - 70%
70 - 85%
85 - 100%
Carcinoma-in-situ of the prostatic urethra mostly occurs at the:
mid prostate to the verumontanum at the 5 and 7 oclock positions
lateral margins of the prostate at the 10 and 2 oclock positions
entire area distal to the urethral crest
area between ejaculatory duct openings and prostatic utricle
Once muscle invasion is detected in bladder cancers, what percentage of occult metastasis is expected?
30%
40%
50%
60%
What is true regarding inverted papilloma of the bladder?
the standard treatment is transurethral resection
the prognosis for inverted papilloma is pathetic, with a recurrence rate of approximately 65%
the likelihood of synchronous urothelial carcinoma is 26%
has been shown to harbor p53 gene mutations
While deeply resecting a large bladder tumor, the surgeon noted loss of bladder distension, what should next step be?
increase the irrigation fluid and pursue the procedure
abort the procedure and leave a urethral catheter
perform cystogram and manage accordingly
perform abdominal exploration and manage accordingly
What is the commonest type of primary urethral tumors?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
Common benign urethral tumors include all of the following,
EXCEPT:
leiomyoma
hemangioma
fibroepithelial polyp
lymphangioma
Regarding bladder neoplasia, squamous metaplasia differs from squamous dysplasia as the latter is/has:
well-differentiated tumor with broad-based invasive font
marked atypia distributed on wide areas of superficial urothelium
atypia is present
no atypia but marked degenerative epithelial changes
What is the commonest type of tumors occurring in the penile urethra?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
Immediately following transurethral resection of bladder tumors, intravesical installation of which material(s) is(are) contraindicated?
epirubicin
mitomycin c
BCG
none of the above
What is the most effective adjuvant intravesical therapy for bladder tumors?
cisplatin
BCG
mitomycin C
5-fluorouracil
Bladder tumors with hydronephrosis are:
often of high-grade sarcomas
often associated with muscularis propria invasion
due to vesical polyps occluding ureteric orifices
should be resected but not diathermized
What is the commonest manifestation of upper tract urothelial carcinomas?
obstructive uropathy
painless hematuria
pain radiating to the groin
locally advanced tumor
What percentage of bladder cancers is squamous cell type in origin?
2%
5%
70%
90%
Partial penectomy for urethral cancer is indicated in:
infiltrative proximal penile urethral carcinomas
infiltrative distal penile urethral carcinomas
recurrent proximal penile urethral carcinoma after laser resection
T3/N2/M0 at bulbar urethra
Which of the following statements concerning lymphatic drainage of the male urethra is true?
the anterior urethra drains into the inguinal and pelvic nodes
the posterior urethra drains into the pelvic nodes
the proximal two-thirds drain into the external and internal iliac nodes
the distal one-third drains into the obturator nodes
What is false concerning carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) of urinary tract?
frequently found in association with high-grade or extensive TCC
has a rate of progression to muscle invasion of 10-25%
significant areas of CIS are easily missed by routine cystoscopy
treatment begins with TURBT
What is false concerning upper tract urothelial tumors?
rarely diagnosed at autopsy
the peak incidence occurs between ages 70 and 80
they occur twice as frequently in men as in women
none of the above
What is the commonest type of tumor occurring in urethral diverticuli?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
In what percentages do upper tract urothelial tumors develop in patients with a bladder urothelial cancer?
2 - 4%
4 - 6%
6 - 8%
8 - 10%
On diagnosing bladder cancers, what advantage does urine cytology has over tumor markers?
high specificity
high sensitivity
high reliability
strong validity