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What is the correct answer?

4

What is false concerning primary bladder stones?

A. commoner in females than in males

B. in pediatrics, are of calcium oxalate and/or ammonium urate composition

C. caused by bladder outlet obstruction

D. might result in bladder cancer

Correct Answer :

A. commoner in females than in males


commoner in males at all ages because of the high likelihood of bladder outlet obstruction.

Related Questions

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4

Where do Randall plaques originate from?

A. transitional epithelium lining minor calyces

B. transitional epithelium lining major calyces

C. basement membrane of the loops of Henle

D. papillary tips of polar pyramids

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4

What is the fatality risk if a triple-phosphate staghorn stone left untreated?

A. 0 10%

B. 10 20%

C. 20 30%

D. 30 40%

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4

What bowel surgery could result in enteric hyperoxaluria?

A. right hemicolectomy

B. small bowel resection

C. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

D. b & c

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4

What parameter is NOT considered in the stone burden concept?

A. the surface area of the stones

B. the volume of the stones

C. the density of the stones

D. the number of the stones

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4

How is primary oxaluria treated?

A. terminal ilium resection

B. liver transplantation

C. kidney transplantation

D. regular hemodialysis

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4

What is true concerning uric acid stones?

A. they are metabolic stones that form at high urinary pH

B. they score 800 1000 HU on CT

C. only 25% of affected patients have Gout disease

D. affected patients must stop eating animal protein

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4

What medication(s) could be helpful in the management of cystinuria?

A. α-Mercaptopropionylglycine

B. d-Penicillamine

C. a & b

D. none of the above

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4

What is false concerning primary bladder stones?

A. commoner in females than in males

B. in pediatrics, are of calcium oxalate and/or ammonium urate composition

C. caused by bladder outlet obstruction

D. might result in bladder cancer

What is the correct answer?

4

Two weeks of prolonged wound drainage after a non-stented Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty. What would be next step in the management?

A. watchful waiting

B. open surgical correction

C. IVU with possible endoscopic ureteral stenting

D. perc. nephrostomy tube insertion

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4

Which method of the following stone analysis techniques is based on the interaction of polarized light with the stone crystals?

A. wet chemical analysis

B. thermogravimetry

C. scanning electron microscopy

D. none of the above

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4

What is the treatment of choice for a 15 mm stone in a mid calyceal diverticulum?

A. ESWL

B. PCNL with fulguration of the diverticulum

C. ureteroscopy with fulguration of the diverticulum

D. pyelolithotomy with diverticulectomy

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4

Which of the following bacteria split urea?

A. Klebsiella pneumonia

B. Morganella morganii

C. Proteus mirabilis

D. all of the above

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4

During pyelolithotomy for removing a staghorn urate stone; how to ensure a complete removal of calyceal branches?

A. by performing intra-operative ultrasonography

B. by performing radial nephrotomies

C. by performing adjunct PCLN

D. by taking a scout KUB film

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4

What medication could help in managing carbonate apatite stones?

A. α-Mercaptopropionylglycine

B. acetohydroxamic acid

C. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

D. xanthine oxidase inhibitors

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4

What type of stones is soft, resilient, composed of mucoproteins of urine and serum?

A. matrix

B. indinavir

C. brushite

D. 2,8 dihydroxyadenine

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4

What is the preferred drug for medical expulsive therapy for lower ureteral stones?

A. furosemide

B. tamsulosin

C. nifedipine

D. diclofenac

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4

What is true regarding DJ ureteral stents?

A. can be placed through perc. nephrostomy

B. might slip out, especially in females

C. usually radiopaque

D. all of the above

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4

What is the Hounsfield density range of uric acid stones?

A. 400 600 HU

B. 600 800 HU

C. 800 1000 HU

D. 1000 1200 HU

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4

Expectant therapy for ureteral stones is indicated when:

A. stone size of ≤ 4 mm

B. stone burden of ≥ 22 mm

C. there is a distal partial obstruction

D. the patient has end-stage renal failure

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4

What is (are) the indication(s) of using DJ ureteral catheters?

A. to stent the ureter after ureteral surgery

B. to facilitate stone passage

C. after a tough ureteroscopy procedure

D. all of the above

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4

What is the preferred irrigation fluid during PCNL?

A. physiological saline 0.9%

B. glycine 1.5%

C. balanced salt solution

D. distilled water

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4

What is the favorable stone characteristic for ESWL treatment?

A. 1000 - 1300 HU density

B. 5 - 10 mm diameter

C. lower calyx location

D. mid ureteral location

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4

What is false concerning struvite stones?

A. the commonest to form staghorn giant calculi

B. formed by urease producing bacteria

C. antibiotics have a role in the treatment

D. form at the two extremes of urinary pH range

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4

What is the principal defect in renal hypercalciuria?

A. impaired renal tubular calcium reabsorption

B. excessive glomerular leak of calcium

C. deficiency of the enzyme xanthine oxidase

D. hypercalcemia

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4

Ureteral stones of ≥ 7 mm:

A. should be treated with more analgesics

B. must undergo metabolic worked out

C. are unlikely to pass out spontaneously

D. chemolysis should be tried first

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4

What type of shockwaves is generated by spark-gap technology?

A. piezoelectric

B. electrohydraulic

C. electromagnetic

D. microexplosive

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4

What is false concerning prostatic stones?

A. composed of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

B. the vast majority are asymptomatic

C. most of the calculi are found in the transitional zone

D. they dont affect PSA levels

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4

Patients having what kind of stones should refrain from eating purines?

A. cysteine

B. urate

C. calcium

D. none of the above

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4

What is false concerning cystine stones?

A. result from an inherited defect of renal tubular reabsorption of cysteine

B. characteristically, urate and cysteine stone are radiolucent

C. cysteine is a dibasic amino acid

D. on plain X-ray, cysteine stones exhibit ground-glass appearance

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4

What is the treatment of choice for a 15 mm stone in the lower calyx with a narrow infundibulum?

A. ESWL

B. PCNL

C. radial nephrolithotomy

D. pyelolithotomy with ureteral stenting