margin status and grade
tumor size
tumor stage
the time interval between the tumor emergence and excision
C. tumor stage
progress to ESRD in the sixth decade of life
hypertension is seen in 80% of patients with ADPKD aged 20-34 years
aortic valve stenosis in 25%
manifestations are more significant in patients with the PKD2 genotype
is > 90% in Bosniak type IV renal cysts
in patients receiving renal transplants for polycystic kidney disease is 48% higher than that expected in the general population
all of the above
simple renal cysts might turn malignant in < 4% of cases
type II DM, especially in males
hypertension
obesity, especially in females
cigarette smoking
. What is the relapse rate for completely resected RCC after radical nephrectomy?
1- 10%
10 - 20%
20 - 30%
acquired cystic renal disease
juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary sponge kidney
bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
acquired cystic renal disease
juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary sponge kidney
bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
glomerulocystic kidney disease
developmental cystic renal disease
Juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary cystic kidney disease
margin status and grade
tumor size
tumor stage
the time interval between the tumor emergence and excision
right hydrocele
left varicocele
painless hematuria
hypertension
the central scar on CT or MRI, and the spoke-wheel pattern of vessels on angiograms are not specific to oncocytoma
calcification, necrosis, and hemorrhage are rare in oncocytomas
it is thought to arise from the basement membrane of proximal convoluted tubules
treatment is partial nephrectomy or tumor excision
the quality of the kidney and renal function prior to surgery
the quantity of vascularized parenchymal mass preserved after excision
the tumor
warm ischemia time
renal oncocytoma
multiloculated cystic nephromas
metanephric adenoma
adenoma with clear cell
hepatic cysts are the most common extra-renal manifestation
might experience cyst hemorrhage, renal infection, or nephrolithiasis
typically, complain of flank pain or intermittent hematuria in the early twenties
hypertension and CRF commonly occur in the fifth decade of life
70 - 85%
55 - 70%
40 - 55%
25 - 40%
. What is the most common histologic subtype of renal sarcomas?
rhabdomyosarcoma
nephrosarcoma
leiomyosarcoma
they follow a benign clinical course
they have a bimodal age distribution
they are more common in men than in women
none of the above
hyperattenuating renal cyst
solitary renal cyst
uncomplicated renal cyst
focal renal cyst
adenoma with clear cell
papillary adenoma
metanephric adenoma
none of the above
< - 10 HU
< - 20 HU
< 10 HU
< 20 HU
. What is false concerning targeted molecular therapy?
is a personalized medical therapy devised to meet each persons individual needs for cancer`s specifications
treats cancer by interrupting unique molecular abnormalities that drive cancer growth
some cancer types have different molecular targets
. What is NOT an indication for simple nephrectomy?
symptomatic chronic renal infection with poor function
some cases of renovascular hypertension
symptomatic calculus disease with poor renal function
RCC occurs in < 5% of patients with tuberous sclerosis
in glomerulocystic kidney disease, renal tumors are typically solitary, large, with central necrosis
in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, renal tumors are frequently bilateral and multicentric
in acquired cystic disease, tumors are commonly bilateral, and metastatic in 15% of cases
at autopsy
by staining positive for human melanoma black (HMB)-45
by fine-needle aspiration cytology
by exclusion
chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasonography every 3 months for the first year, and then annually for 3 years
annual chest X-ray for 3 years
abdominal and chest CT every 6 months for the first year, and then annually for 3 years
no radiological examination required
ARPKD accounts for 5% of ESRD in children
more than one-half of patients with ARPKD require kidney transplant before age 20 years
ADPKD is a common cause of ESRD
uncommonly, juvenile nephronophthisis causes ESRD in children
never
unlikely
likely
always
. What is an indication for radical nephrectomy?
a 6-cm, polar tumor
bilateral RCC
locally advanced RCC
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
developmental cystic renal disease
inherited cystic renal disease
systemic disease with associated renal cysts
. What is false concerning imaging studies for preoperative evaluation of RCC case?
in case of bone pain or elevated serum calcium and/or alkaline phosphatase levels, an isotopic bone scan is required
renal arteriography accurately localizes central scaring and tumor necrosis
trans-esophageal echocardiography helps assess vena caval and right atrial tumor thrombi
I
II
III
IV