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What is the correct answer?

4

What is the sure diagnostic finding of Ca.oxalate stones?

A. chemical analysis of a recovered stone

B. hypercalcemia

C. CT finding

D. high breakability on ESWL

Correct Answer :

A. chemical analysis of a recovered stone


chemical analysis of a recovered stone is the absolute diagnostic finding.

Related Questions

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4

What is (are) the indication(s) of ureteral stenting before ESWL?

A. stones in a solitary kidney

B. ureteral stones causing bilateral obstructions

C. a kidney stone of ≥ 2.5 cm in size

D. all of the above

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4

When urine reaches a high tendency to form stones, the situation is called:

A. lithogenic anion to cation ratio

B. Randall cut off

C. saturation index

D. solubility product

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4

Worldwide, the commonest type of urinary stones is:

A. calcium monohydrate

B. calcium oxalate

C. ammonium urate

D. none of the above

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4

What is true regarding a stone in a urethral diverticulum?

A. is symptomless

B. should undergo a trial of milking out

C. diverticulectomy and stone extraction is the treatment of choice

D. ESWL is the preferred treatment option

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4

What is false concerning patient`s preparation for PCNL?

A. active UTI is an absolute contraindication

B. fluoroquinolone is the first choice for antimicrobial prophylaxis

C. withholding aspirin for only 10 days is enough

D. despite sterile urine, stone fragmentation might release hidden bacterial endotoxins and viable bacteria

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4

What are the expected findings on urinalysis in patients with acute renal colic?

A. blood cells more than pus cells

B. pus cells if infection was superadded

C. crystals might appear

D. all of the above

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4

Invasive intervention in stone patients is NOT indicated in the following condition:

A. stone size

B. unrelieved obstruction

C. infection and septicemia

D. recurrent stone formation

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4

Which of the following bacteria split urea?

A. Klebsiella pneumonia

B. Morganella morganii

C. Proteus mirabilis

D. all of the above

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4

What is the most common composition of ureteral stones?

A. Ca.phosphate

B. Ca.oxalate

C. Na.urate

D. struvite

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4

What is the treatment of choice for a 15 mm stone in a mid calyceal diverticulum?

A. ESWL

B. PCNL with fulguration of the diverticulum

C. ureteroscopy with fulguration of the diverticulum

D. pyelolithotomy with diverticulectomy

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4

What is the composition of brushite stones?

A. calcium phosphate

B. calcium oxalate monohydrate

C. sodium urate

D. 2,8 dihydroxyadenine

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4

What is the least serious complications of PCNL?

A. uncontrollable bleeding

B. incomplete removal of stones

C. pneumothorax

D. colonic perforation

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4

What is the most favorable stone characteristics for laparoscopic and robotic approaches for the treatment of a kidney stone?

A. a stone in the lower calyx with a wide mouth of infundibulum and obtuse lower calyx to ureter angle

B. a stone in an anterior group calyceal diverticulum with thin overlying renal parenchyma

C. 5 mm calcium-containing stone in an intrarenal pelvis and wide UPJ

D. 6 years post anatrophic nephrolithotomy, recurrent mid calyceal stone

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4

What is the most important parameter that determines the treatment modality of a kidney stone?

A. stone chemical composition

B. stone burden

C. first stone vs. recurrent

D. stone density

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4

What is the most common organism that might complicate PCNL?

A. Proteus mirabilis

B. E. coli

C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

D. Staphylococcus epidermidis

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4

What is the treatment of choice for a 15 mm stone in the lower calyx with a narrow infundibulum?

A. ESWL

B. PCNL

C. radial nephrolithotomy

D. pyelolithotomy with ureteral stenting

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4

What stones are radiopaque on plain X-ray film?

A. 2,8 dihydroxyadenine stones

B. sulfa medications-induced stones

C. calcium oxalate stones

D. matrix stones

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4

What condition might NOT cause uric acid stones?

A. Tumor lysis syndrome

B. hypoparathyroidism

C. myeloproliferative disorder

D. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

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4

What is false concerning PCNL in horseshoe kidneys?

A. the preferred access into the collecting system is through a posterior calyx

B. the posterior calyceal group is typically more medial than in the normal kidney

C. in most cases the lower pole calyces are posterior

D. it is desirable to make an upper pole collecting system puncture

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4

What stone is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait?

A. xanthine

B. ammonium urate

C. cystine

D. calcium oxalate dihydrate

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4

What is the preferred entry point into the collecting system for PCNL for a 2.4 cm renal pelvis stone?

A. anterior lower pole calyx

B. posterior lower pole calyx

C. anterior upper pole calyx

D. posterior upper pole calyx

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4

Where do Randall plaques originate from?

A. transitional epithelium lining minor calyces

B. transitional epithelium lining major calyces

C. basement membrane of the loops of Henle

D. papillary tips of polar pyramids

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4

In what kind of renal stones do antibiotics help most?

A. indinavir

B. magnesium ammonium phosphate

C. xanthine

D. matrix

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4

The process where nucleation and further precipitations occur by different components to form urinary stones, is called:

A. classical nucleation theory

B. heterogeneous nucleation

C. suspension solution

D. concentric lamination

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4

How can the effectiveness of ESWL treatment session be enhanced?

A. by ensuring optimal coupling of the patient to the lithotripter

B. by running the treatment at a slower rate (60 shocks/min)

C. by running the treatment with general anesthesia

D. by all of the above

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4

What is true concerning the use of intravenous fluids in renal colic cases?

A. patients should be given large amounts of fluids to hasten stones passage

B. fluids are given to keep the patient well hydrated

C. the recommended regimen is 2 L of ringer lactate over 2 hours

D. fluids are contraindicated if desmopressin (DDAVP) was given

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4

Which event is unlikely to occur after placing a DJ ureteral stent?

A. can be forgotten in place

B. vesico-renal reflux

C. calyceal perforation

D. detrusor irritability and/or hematuria

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4

What is (are) the indication(s) of hospitalization of ureteral stone patients?

A. steinstrasse

B. a stone in ureterocele

C. fever, leucocytosis, pain

D. brushite stones

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4

What is the preferred irrigation fluid during PCNL?

A. physiological saline 0.9%

B. glycine 1.5%

C. balanced salt solution

D. distilled water

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4

On treating uric acid stones, excessive alkalinization with potassium citrate could result in all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. formation of triple-phosphate stones

B. infection with Proteus species

C. increase production of endogenous uric acid

D. increase level of uric acid in THE blood