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Current Affairs January 2024

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4

What is true regarding radical inguinal orchiectomy for testicular cancer?

A. is considered based on a histologic evidence

B. should not be performed through a scrotal incision

C. preoperative biopsy is required for histologic examination

D. entails early clamping of the cord at the external inguinal ring level

Correct Answer :

B. should not be performed through a scrotal incision


it is contraindicated to perform radical orchiectomy through a scrotal incision because of the risk of upgrading the tumor.

Related Questions

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4

On presentation, what is the percentage of infertility among testicular germ cell tumor patients?

A. 10 - 20%

B. 20 - 60%

C. 60 - 80%

D. 80 - 90%

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4

What is true regarding radical inguinal orchiectomy for testicular cancer?

A. is considered based on a histologic evidence

B. should not be performed through a scrotal incision

C. preoperative biopsy is required for histologic examination

D. entails early clamping of the cord at the external inguinal ring level

What is the correct answer?

4

What is the commonest testicular cancer in infants and young children?

A. choriocarcinoma

B. yolk cell tumor

C. embryonal carcinoma

D. seminoma

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4

6.What is false regarding testicular cancer and cryptorchidism?

A. the risk of developing germ cell tumor when an undescended testis is in the abdomen is greater than when it is in the inguinal canal

B. orchiopexy for boys younger than 6 yrs. lowers the risk of cancer development

C. a normally descended testis carries 5-20% risk of developing cancer when its mate is undescended

D. the risk of cancer increases in cryptorchid patients over 33 yrs. of age

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4

What is false concerning post orchiectomy in clinical stage I seminoma?

A. active surveillance is recommended for patients with horseshoe kidney

B. adjuvant chemotherapy with a single dose of carboplatin is recommended as an alternative to radiation therapy

C. the number of positive nodes dissected dictates the number of chemotherapy cycles to be given

D. cure is possible after radical orchiectomy alone

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4

Testicular germ cell tumors that produce only α-FP are:

A. yolk cell tumors

B. choriocarcinomas

C. embryonal carcinomas

D. pure seminomas

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4

Seminomas are classified as good risk when which of the following is (are) present:

A. stem from the periphery of the testis

B. no non-pulmonary visceral metastases

C. normal α-FP, β-hCG, and LDH markers

D. all of the above

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4

What is the percentage of germ cell tumors among all testicular cancers?

A. greater than 90%

B. lesser than 40%

C. greater than 70%

D. lesser than 20%

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4

What epididymal lesion is associated with von HippelLindau syndrome?

A. mature teratoma

B. immature teratoma

C. cystadenoma

D. adenomatoid tumor

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4

What is the most common para-testicular tumor in adults?

A. rhabdomyosarcoma

B. liposarcoma

C. sarcomatoid tumor

D. angiosarcoma

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4

Which subtype of germ cell tumors has the highest propensity for hematogenous spread?

A. yolk cell tumors

B. spermatocytic seminoma

C. choriocarcinoma

D. embryonal carcinoma

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4

In seminomas, the risk factor(s ) for metastases (is) are:

A. rete testis involvement

B. tumor size greater than 4 cm

C. all of the above

D. β-hCG of ≥ 10,000 mIU/mL on diagnosis

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4

What is false concerning testicular germ cell tumors (GCT)?

A. in a patient with a history of GCTs, the finding of testicular microlithiasis on ultrasonography poses a higher risk of intratubular germ cell neoplasia

B. occur bilaterally approximately 2% of cases

C. are extragonadal in 1 - 5%

D. are more likely to contain embryonal tumor cells than tumors arising in the testis

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4

What is false concerning teratoma of the testis?

A. there is no clinical distinction between mature and immature teratoma

B. has no biological markers

C. is sensitive to chemotherapy

D. when large in size can be infiltrative and difficult to resect

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4

Which of the following statements is false concerning testicular tumor markers?

A. α-FP and/or β-hCG are elevated in approximately 80% to 85% of patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumors

B. β-hCG increases in either seminoma or non-seminoma

C. LDH increases in 30% to 80% of pure seminoma patients and in 60% of non-seminoma patients

D. high levels of α-FP might induce nipple tenderness or gynecomastia

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4

What is false regarding spermatocytic seminoma?

A. occurs in men over 60 yrs.

B. does not contain an isochromosome 12p

C. constitutes a considerable part of mixed germ cell tumors

D. rarely metastasizes without sarcomatous differentiation

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4

In testicular cancer patients with residual disease after chemotherapy, what type is found in approximately 45% of resected specimens?

A. polyembryoma

B. teratoma

C. embryonal carcinoma

D. mixed germ cell tumor

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4

After chemotherapy for testicular cancers, how long does it take for spermatogenesis to return to the norm?

A. 3 months

B. 3 spermatogenic cycles

C. 3 yrs.

D. damage is permanent

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4

What is the role of positron emission tomography (PET) in testicular cancer patients?

A. evaluates post chemotherapy residual masses in pure seminoma cases

B. helps stage non-seminomatous germ cell tumors

C. all of the above

D. used for active surveillance in non-operable cases

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4

What is the commonest site of cancer occurrence in the male urethra?

A. fossa navicularis

B. bulbomembranous urethra

C. prostatic urethra

D. external urethral meatus

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4

Testicular cancer patients with bulky retroperitoneal lymph node disease greater than 3 cm should:

A. undergo laparoscopic lymph node sampling

B. receive induction chemotherapy

C. undergo extensive retroperitoneal lymph node dissection

D. go for palliative therapy

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4

What is false concerning surgical care for testicular cancer patients?

A. patients in whom retroperitoneal LN dissection (RPLND) reveals viable cancer cells after chemotherapy, subsequent chemotherapy is recommended

B. surgical resection is recommended for patients with residual disease after chemotherapy

C. open nerve-sparing RPLND might lead to premature ejaculation

D. in non-seminoma patients stage I-A, I-B, 1S on long-term surveillance, relapses are expected in 80% of cases within the first year after orchiectomy

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4

Clinically, what does NOT mimic testicular cancer?

A. epididymo-orchitis

B. indirect inguinal hernia

C. testicular microlithiasis

D. syphilitic gumma

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4

What is false concerning tumor markers of seminoma?

A. in pure seminoma α-FP is normal

B. if syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells are present, β-hCG may be elevated

C. spermatocytic seminomas rarely metastasize without sarcomatous differentiation

D. pure seminoma constitutes approximately 90% of pure germ cell tumors

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4

Seminoma is rare in patients:

A. younger than 10 yrs.

B. older than 50 yrs.

C. between 20 27 yrs.

D. between 28 35 yrs.

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4

What is true regarding brain metastases of testicular cancers?

A. should be suspected in any patient with a very high hCG level on diagnosis

B. the commonest subtype that causes brain metastases is choriocarcinoma

C. these patients should receive 4 cycles of bleomycin-etoposide-cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy

D. early initiation of chemotherapy ensures a good prognosis

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4

On managing testicular tumors, testis-sparing surgery is NOT indicated in:

A. suspected germ cell tumor (GCT) with a normal contralateral testis

B. in case of bilateral synchronous testicular GCT

C. suspected benign testicular lesions

D. suspected GCT of < 2 cm tumor size in a solitary testis

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4

What is true regarding retroperitoneal lymph nodes involvement in testicular cancers?

A. left testicular tumors spread to the periaortic lymph nodes

B. right testicular tumors spread to the interaortocaval lymph nodes

C. the fashion of further spread in the retroperitoneum is from right to left

D. all of the above

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4

What is the most common para-testicular tumor in children?

A. rhabdomyosarcoma

B. liposarcoma

C. sarcomatoid tumor

D. angiosarcoma

What is the correct answer?

4

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing testicular cancers?

A. environmental conditions exposing the testes to high temperature

B. 47XXY genotype

C. prior testicular cancers

D. cryptorchidism