A. left testicular tumors spread to the periaortic lymph nodes

B. right testicular tumors spread to the interaortocaval lymph nodes

C. the fashion of further spread in the retroperitoneum is from right to left

D. all of the above

A. younger than 10 yrs.

B. older than 50 yrs.

C. between 20 27 yrs.

D. between 28 35 yrs.

A. the risk of developing germ cell tumor when an undescended testis is in the abdomen is greater than when it is in the inguinal canal

B. orchiopexy for boys younger than 6 yrs. lowers the risk of cancer development

C. a normally descended testis carries 5-20% risk of developing cancer when its mate is undescended

D. the risk of cancer increases in cryptorchid patients over 33 yrs. of age

A. evaluates post chemotherapy residual masses in pure seminoma cases

B. helps stage non-seminomatous germ cell tumors

C. all of the above

D. used for active surveillance in non-operable cases

A. polyembryoma

B. teratoma

C. embryonal carcinoma

D. mixed germ cell tumor

A. suspected germ cell tumor (GCT) with a normal contralateral testis

B. in case of bilateral synchronous testicular GCT

C. suspected benign testicular lesions

D. suspected GCT of < 2 cm tumor size in a solitary testis

A. active surveillance is recommended for patients with horseshoe kidney

B. adjuvant chemotherapy with a single dose of carboplatin is recommended as an alternative to radiation therapy

C. the number of positive nodes dissected dictates the number of chemotherapy cycles to be given

D. cure is possible after radical orchiectomy alone

A. is considered based on a histologic evidence

B. should not be performed through a scrotal incision

C. preoperative biopsy is required for histologic examination

D. entails early clamping of the cord at the external inguinal ring level

A. high levels of α-FP are found only in non-seminomas

B. high levels of α-FP may result from marijuana use

C. β-hCG levels above 10,000 mIU/mL are seen only in germ cell tumors and hepatocellular carcinoma

D. LDH is a useful marker for surveillance after tumor extirpation

A. yolk cell tumors

B. spermatocytic seminoma

C. choriocarcinoma

D. embryonal carcinoma

A. adult choriocarcinoma arise from ITGCN

B. spermatocytic seminoma arises from ITGCN

C. typically, pediatric germ cell tumors (GCT) do not arise from ITGCN

D. ITGCN is the common precursor for most of adult male GCT

A. patients in whom retroperitoneal LN dissection (RPLND) reveals viable cancer cells after chemotherapy, subsequent chemotherapy is recommended

B. surgical resection is recommended for patients with residual disease after chemotherapy

C. open nerve-sparing RPLND might lead to premature ejaculation

D. in non-seminoma patients stage I-A, I-B, 1S on long-term surveillance, relapses are expected in 80% of cases within the first year after orchiectomy

A. rhabdomyosarcoma

B. liposarcoma

C. sarcomatoid tumor

D. angiosarcoma

A. 3 months

B. 3 spermatogenic cycles

C. 3 yrs.

D. damage is permanent

A. fossa navicularis

B. bulbomembranous urethra

C. prostatic urethra

D. external urethral meatus

A. choriocarcinoma

B. yolk cell tumor

C. embryonal carcinoma

D. seminoma

A. epididymo-orchitis

B. indirect inguinal hernia

C. testicular microlithiasis

D. syphilitic gumma

A. unilateral hydrocele

B. dull ache or heavy sensation in the lower abdomen

C. painless swelling or a nodule in the testicle

D. incidental finding on scrotal ultrasonography

A. α-FP and/or β-hCG are elevated in approximately 80% to 85% of patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumors

B. β-hCG increases in either seminoma or non-seminoma

C. LDH increases in 30% to 80% of pure seminoma patients and in 60% of non-seminoma patients

D. high levels of α-FP might induce nipple tenderness or gynecomastia

A. mature teratoma

B. immature teratoma

C. cystadenoma

D. adenomatoid tumor

A. rhabdomyosarcoma

B. liposarcoma

C. sarcomatoid tumor

D. angiosarcoma

A. elevation of only α-FP indicates pure non-seminoma

B. elevation of α-FP might occur in chronic liver disease, hepatitis, and alcohol abuse

C. elevation of LDH indicates tumor burden and growth rate

D. elevation of β-hCG above 10,000 mIU/mL is seen only in germ cell tumors

A. 60%

B. 70%

C. 80%

D. 90%

A. lymphoma

B. spermatocytic seminoma

C. adenocarcinoma

D. cystadenoma

A. 10 - 20%

B. 20 - 60%

C. 60 - 80%

D. 80 - 90%

A. greater than 90%

B. lesser than 40%

C. greater than 70%

D. lesser than 20%

A. rete testis involvement

B. tumor size greater than 4 cm

C. all of the above

D. β-hCG of ≥ 10,000 mIU/mL on diagnosis

A. environmental conditions exposing the testes to high temperature

B. 47XXY genotype

C. prior testicular cancers

D. cryptorchidism

A. in approximately 60% of patients, post-chemotherapy residual masses are either viable cancer cells or teratoma

B. nearly one half will be azoospermic after 2 years of therapy

C. in seminoma stage II-B, primary chemotherapy with 3 cycles of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP), and 4 cycles of chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin (EP) are recommended

D. in seminoma stage II-B, II-C, III after primary treatment with chemotherapy, surveillance is recommended for residual masses of 3 cm or less detected by PET scan

A. undergo laparoscopic lymph node sampling

B. receive induction chemotherapy

C. undergo extensive retroperitoneal lymph node dissection

D. go for palliative therapy

A. should be suspected in any patient with a very high hCG level on diagnosis

B. the commonest subtype that causes brain metastases is choriocarcinoma

C. these patients should receive 4 cycles of bleomycin-etoposide-cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy

D. early initiation of chemotherapy ensures a good prognosis