type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4
D. type 4
α1-A
α2-A
α1-B
α2-B
GnRH
testosterone
LH
FSH
from early morning urine sample
comparing urine and serum calcium at a given time
performing 24 urine collection
from a mid-stream urine sample
by increasing oxalate absorption
by heterogeneous nucleation
by inducing hyperoxaluria
by reducing urate crystals saturation
150 ml
200 ml
250 ml
300 ml
immediately
after 2 hrs.
after 12 hrs.
after 24 hrs.
short female urethra
pregnancy
vaginal colonization with enterobacteria
all the above
serum BUN : creatinine > 20
urine [Na] < 30 mEq/L
Na excretion fraction < 1
all of the above
terazosin, antihypertensive
benzodiazepines, psychotropic medicine
levodopa, anti-Parkinsonism medicine
brimonidine, glaucoma eye drops
are cross ectopic
are at their normal position
travel with the kidneys
undergo ischemic atrophy
intratubular crystal formation might occur
CT cannot reliably confirm the presence of indinavir calculi
stone formation is demonstrated in 80% of patients taking the medication
is a protease inhibitor with poor solubility and significant urinary excretion
it is the white secretion produced under the foreskin in males
it has a crucial role in penile cancer development
it contains lysozymes, chymotrypsin, neutrophil elastase and cytokines
female smegma can be found between the labia
third
fourth
fifth
seventh
type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4
ribosome
mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
5 6 yrs.
7 8 yrs.
9 10 yrs.
11 12 yrs.
super fertility
increase aromatization reaction
increase resistance to circulating insulin
sleep apnea
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
urinary output
afferent arteriolar resistance
cavernous nerves
dorsal nerves of the penis
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
aldosterone
hypocalcemia
parathyroid hormone
vitamin D
opening of internal bladder sphincter
fall in urethral pressure
rise in intravesical pressure
cessation of sphincter EMG activity
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
none of the above
kidney stones
glomerulonephritis
BPH
bladder cancer
median sacral artery
inferior phrenic arteries
gonadal arteries
all of the above
occurs after acrosome reaction
entails removal of a glycoprotein layer
it is a biochemical event of sperm maturation
changes occur in the female genital tract
has a limited cross-resistance with most common antibacterial agents
causes injection site reactions
is active against most uropathogens
is effective as a single-dose agent
vancomycin
clindamycin
streptomycin
tobramycin
79.54
44.19
84.15
94.25
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
von Hippel-Lindau disease
tuberous sclerosis
Sturge-Webber syndrome
inferior mesenteric artery
superior mesenteric artery
celiac artery
common iliac artery