(σx + σy)/2 + (1/2) × √[(σx - σy)² + 4 τ²xy]
(σx + σy)/2 - (1/2) × √[(σx - σy)² + 4 τ²xy]
(σx - σy)/2 + (1/2) × √[(σx + σy)² + 4 τ²xy]
(σx - σy)/2 - (1/2) × √[(σx + σy)² + 4 τ²xy]
A. (σx + σy)/2 + (1/2) × √[(σx - σy)² + 4 τ²xy]
(23/100) × Mass of excess carbon
(23/100) × Mass of excess oxygen
(100/23) × Mass of excess carbon
(100/23) × Mass of excess oxygen
Straight line
Parabolic
Elliptical
Cubic
Decrease in cut-off
Increase in cut-off
Constant cut-off
None of these
More than 50 %
25-50 %
10-25 %
Negligible
More
Less
Same
More/less depending on composition
Considerably greater than that necessary to continue it
Considerably lesser than that necessary to continue it
Greater than that necessary to stop it
Lesser than that necessary to stop it
Coke
Wood charcoal
Bituminous coal
Briquetted coal
Heat
Work
Internal energy
Entropy
Isothermal process
Adiabatic process
Free expansion process
Throttling process
Smaller end
Larger end
Middle
Anywhere
Pressure
Volume
Temperature
All of these
cv/ cp =R
cp - cv = R
cv = R/ γ-1
Both (B) and (C)
Equal
Proportional to their respective moduli of elasticity
Inversely proportional to their moduli of elasticity
Average of the sum of moduli of elasticity
Temperature limits
Pressure ratio
Volume compression ratio
Cut-off ratio and compression ratio
No stress
Shear stress
Tensile stress
Compressive stress
Inversely proportional to two times
Directly proportional to
Inversely proportional to
None of these
Sum
Difference
Product
Ratio
Zero
Minimum
Maximum
Infinity
Boyle's law
Charles' law
Gay-Lussac law
All of these
12
14
16
32
Change the shape of the beam
Effect the saving in material
Equalise the strength in tension and compression
Increase the cross-section of the beam
Thermodynamic system
Thermodynamic cycle
Thermodynamic process
Thermodynamic law
Coal gas
Producer gas
Mond gas
Blast furnace gas
Pressure and temperature
Temperature and volume
Heat and work
All of these
Maximum cycle temperature
Minimum cycle temperature
Pressure ratio
All of these
Sum of two specific heats
Difference of two specific heats
Product of two specific heats
Ratio of two specific heats
Increase in availability of energy
Increase in temperature
Decrease in pressure
Degradation of energy
Same
Double
Half
One-fourth
(11/3) CO2 + (3/7) CO
(3/7) CO2 + (11/3) CO
(7/3) CO2 + (3/11) CO
(3/11) CO2 + (7/3) CO
One-half
One-third
Two-third
Three-fourth