operation time
duration of in-hospital stay
amount of blood transfused
time to catheter removal
A. operation time
provides tissue preservation for pathological examination
treats any size of prostatic adenoma
follows anatomic planes to remove the prostate in lobes
urinary incontinence is a significant drawback after HoLEP
bladder stones
prostate cancer
renal insufficiency
bladder diverticula
tuberculous prostatitis
prostatic cancer
inspissated prostatic abscess
any of the above
an additional 15 g in prostate weight
each centimeter over the normal 1.5-cm prostate urethral length equates
an additional 5 g in prostate weight
. When comparing suprapubic to retropubic prostatectomy for removing prostatic adenoma, the former allows:
as a man ages, the responsiveness of prostate cells to androgenic stimuli decreases
adrenal androgens have no role in BPH development
type-1 steroid 5 α-reductase is functionally active in the hair follicle
all of the above
occurs because of absorption of non-sodium-containing irrigating fluid
occurs only on using unipolar TURP
results in brain edema due to dilutional hyponatremia
positioning the patient in anti-Trendelenburg helps prevent the syndrome
IPSS cannot be used to establish the diagnosis of BPH/LUTS
prostate biopsy is essential in diagnosing BPH and excluding cancers
PSA and uroflowmetry help diagnose the condition
none of the above
anterior
median
left lateral
all of the above
men with storage symptoms
men with ED
failed combination of α-adrenergic blocker and 5α-reductase inhibitor
a & b
hematuria and infections
migration and encrustation of the stent
irritative urinary symptoms and painful ejaculation
all of the above
never
unlikely
likely
always
enoxaparin
silodosin
finasteride
tolterodine
0.2 1%
1.2 2.1%
2.3 3.4%
3.7 5.6%
PSA decreases
the prostate size decreases
the complaints resolve
the Q.O.L improves
bladder stones
BPH
prostatitis syndrome
. What is (are) the indication(s) of antimuscarinic agents and PDEIs
achieves better results when combined with antimuscarinic
enhances detrusor contractility resulting in higher Q-max
enhance detrusor relaxation during bladder-filling phase
increases voiding pressure that poses risk on renal function
the aim is to occlude the internal iliac vessels
there is a considerable radiation risk during the procedure
bilateral embolization provides better results
eye protection is not required
is only indicated in small prostates
complications are related to the amount of lost blood and removed chips
is a minimal procedure where no risk of rectal injury or retrograde ejaculation have been reported
it entails making 1 or 2 incisions along all prostate lobes except the apical
BPH is an inheritable and progressive disease
familial BPH presents at an older age when compared to sporadic cases
approximately 90% of men in their 80s have histologic evidence of BPH
BPH tends to be more severe and progressive in black men when compared to whites
LUTS with neurologic disease
LUTS with post-void dribble
LUTS with suspicious DRE
LUTS with hematuria
it may develop detrusor instability with irritative LUTS
it may develop poor compliance with frequency and urgency symptoms
it may develop poor detrusor contractility with obstructive LUTS
all of the above
the most potent androgenic hormones in BPH development is DHT
type-2 steroid 5 α-reductase, is most commonly found in the prostate
castrated individuals before puberty will not develop BPH
as a man ages, the number of androgen receptors in the prostate decreases
obstruction results in bladder smooth muscle hypertrophy and myofibroblasts deposition
BPH occurs chiefly in the transitional zone and periurethral tissues
BPH microscopical changes begin in early thirties
histologic findings of chronic prostatitis are common in BPH
the neurological status of the patient
PVR
severity of obstructive LUTS
all of the above
nearly all men have PVR of less than 12 ml
it predicts the outcome of surgical treatment
it correlates well with BPH/LUTS
it is diagnostic for bladder outlet obstruction
it focuses on last month`s symptoms
scores of moderate symptoms suggest surgical treatment if the patient`s quality of life was poor
it has been validated and translated to many languages
all of the above
combination of α-adrenergic blocker and 5α-reductase inhibitor
watchful waiting
TURP
. What is the commonest cause of LUTS in men beyond middle age?
the glandular component of the prostate
the IPSS questionnaire points
the PVR
the transitional zone volume
small prostate
mainly median lobe hypertrophy
history of urinary retention
mainly irritative symptoms
is specific for prostate symptom
is a seven-question, self-administered questionnaire that yields a total score that ranges from 0 to 35
a sum of 20 on IPSS scale is severe
it covers both voiding and storage symptomatology