Initial tension
External load applied
Sum of the initial tension and external load applied
Initial tension or external load, whichever is greater
C. Sum of the initial tension and external load applied
d/2
d/3
3d/4
d/4
Welding
Pre-casting
Riveting
Casting
Woodruff key
Feather key
Flat saddle key
Gib head key
Effective length of column to least radius of gyration of the column
Width of column to depth of column
Maximum size of column to minimum size of column
Effective length of column to width of column
Increasing its shank diameter
Decreasing its shank diameter
Tightening the bolt properly
Making the shank diameter equal to core diameter of thread
10° to 15°
15° to 20°
20° to 35°
35° to 50°
Be across threaded portion of shank
Be parallel to axis of bolt
Be normal to threaded portion of shank
Never be across the threaded portion
2/8
8/2
4/8
8/4
A pair of tongs
Hand wheel of a punching press
Lever of a loaded safety valve
Handle of a hand pump
P1 - P2
P1 + P2
2 × (P1 + P2)
[2 × (P1 + P2)] + Pc Where Pc is centrifugal tension
Bushed pin type coupling
Universal coupling
Oldham coupling
All of these
Cold working
Shot peening
Surface decarburisation
Under stressing
8
12
18
20
1
1/π
π
π × number of teeth
Has a head on one end and a nut fitted to the other
Has head at one end and other end fits into a tapped hole in the other part to be joined
Has both the ends threaded
Is provided with pointed threads
Both the ends fixed
Both the ends hinged
One end fixed and the other end hinged
One end fixed and the other end free
Knuckle threads
Square threads
Acme threads
Buttress threads
Larger than
Smaller than
Equal to
None of these
Diameter of bolt
0.75 × diameter of bolt
1.25 × diameter of bolt
1.5 × diameter of bolt
Right hand with same pitch
Left hand with same pitch
Could be left or right hand
Right hand with fine pitch
One small nut is tightened over main nut and main nut tightened against smaller one by loosening, creating friction jamming
A slot is cut partly in middle of nut and then slot reduced by tightening a screw
Hard fibre or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut is stewed on the bolt causing a tight grip
Through slots are made at top and a cotter pin is passed through these and a hole in the bolt, and cotter pin splitted and bent in reverse direction at other end
1-3 m/s
3-15 m/s
15-30 m/s
30-50 m/s
p = D sin (90°/T)
p = D sin (120°/T)
p = D sin (180°/T)
p = D sin (360°/T)
3 mm
6 mm
8 mm
12 mm
3 Pc
Pc
Pc/3
2 Pc Where, Pc = tension in belt due to centrifugal force
Tempering
Normalising
Annealing
Spheroidising
Less than
Equal to
More than
None of these
Bevel gearing
Helical gearing
Worm gearing
None of these
Longitudinal stress
Shear stress
Circumferential stress
None of these
124 d
138 d
151 d
168 d