1 kg/cm2
1 bar
1 atmosphere
1 kilo Pascal
C. 1 atmosphere
Malleable iron
Grey cast iron
Chilled cast iron
White cast iron
0
1
7
14
Immobility of dislocation
Strain-ageing
Increase in Young's modulus
Strain hardening
0.015
0.71
1.2
3.5
Wrought
Tool
Alloy
Plain carbon
Decrease in the viscosities of both liquids & gases
Increase in the viscosities of both liquids & gases
Increase in the viscosity of liquids and decrease in that of gases
Decrease in the viscosity of liquids and increase in that of gases
Vickers hardness test
Shore scleroscope test
Brinell hardness test
Rockwell hardness test
Face centred cubic (fcc)
Body centred cubic (bcc)
Orthorhombic
Cubic
Pitting
Corrosion
Erosion
None of these
Increases
Decreases
Remain constant
Increases linearly
Sand
Magnesium silicate
Calcium silicate
Iron pyrite
0.015
0.055
0.505
0.805
Capacitance
Resistance
Mutual inductance
None of these
<100
>100
About 273
About 373
Cobalt, chromium & tungsten
Cobalt, chromium & nickel
Molybdenum, tungsten & chromium
Cobalt, zirconium & molybdenum
0.5
2
√2
√3/2
Thermosetting polymers
High carbon steels
Brasses
Borosilicate glasses
Graphite
Light water
Heavy water
Beryllium
Silica
Alumina
Magnesia
Fireclay
Increases
Decreases
Remain same
May increase or decrease (depends on the suction pressure)
Cast iron pipe for domestic water supply
Aluminium curtain rods
Stainless steel tubes used in furnitures
Any of these
Electrical energy
Chemical energy
Energy of high velocity electrons
Heat generated by friction
Dry air
Pure oxygen
Moisture
Sunlight
768
1127
1359
1480
Time
Motion
Both (A) & (B)
Neither (A) nor (B)
More
Less
Same
More but less than the diameter of bolt
A high temperature neutral gas
Nothing but ionised gas
A source of steady and highest controllable pressure
Formed at very low temperature
Polystyrene
Melamine
Polystyrene
Polyurethane
Both annealing and normalising release the internal stresses of the material besides improving the mechanical properties
Low carbon steel does not respond to the heat treatment for hardening of the material, hence it is subjected to case hardening or surface hardening processes like cyaniding, carburising, nitriding etc., which produces high carbon outer layers resulting in increase of surface hardness
Induction hardening and flame hardening techniques are also used for surface hardening
Martempering of a material is a hardening process
Soldering
Welding
Brazing
Riveting