Diesel
Kerosene
Fuel oil
Gasoline
D. Gasoline
Opens at 15° after top dead centre and closes at 20° before bottom dead centre
Opens at 15° before top dead centre and closes at 20° after top dead centre
Opens at top dead centre and closes at bottom dead centre
May open and close anywhere
30 to 40 %
40 to 60 %
60 to 70 %
75 to 90 %
Arrangement of the cylinders
Design of crankshaft
Number of cylinders
All of these
Clearance volume
Volumetric efficiency
Ignition time
Effective compression ratio
Single cylinder petrol engine
Four stroke engine
Single cylinder diesel engine
Multi cylinder engine
14.6 : 1
18.5 : 1
20.4 : 1
22.6 : 1
Leaking piston rings
Use of thick head gasket
Clogged air inlet slots
All of the above
Below 50%
Between 50 and 85%
Between 85 and 95%
Between 95 and 100%
Fuel injection starts at 10° before to dead center and ends at 20° after tor dead center
Fuel injection starts at top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at just before top dead center and ends just after top dead center
May start and end anywhere
Controlling valve opening/closing
Governing
Injection
Carburetion
Pre-ignition
Detonation
Ignition delay
Auto-ignition
0
50
100
120
Increase linearly
Decrease linearly
Increase parabolically
Decrease parabolically
To distribute spark
To distribute power
To distribute current
To time the spark
Calorific value of oil
Low heat value of oil
High heat value of oil
Mean heat value of oil
Compression ratio for petrol engines varies from 6 to 10
Higher compression ratio in diesel engines results in higher pressures
Petrol engines work on Otto cycle
All of the above
Short delay period
Late auto-ignition
Low compression ratio
High self ignition temperature of fuel
Remain same
Decrease
Increase
None of these
Supercharger
Centrifugal pump
Natural aspirator
Movement of engine piston
Otto cycle
Joule cycle
Rankine cycle
Stirling cycle
Otto cycle
Diesel cycle
Dual combustion cycle
All of these
Reducing the delay period
Raising the compression ratio
Increasing the inlet pressure of air
All of these
Fuel pump
Fuel injector
Governor
Carburettor
A fine fuel spray mixed with air is ignited by the heat of compression which is at a high pressure
The fuel supplied to the engine cylinder is mixed with necessary amount of air and the mixture in ignited with the help of a spark plug
The fuel is first evaporated after passing through a carburettor and is mixed with air before ignition
All of the above
Increase in the rate of heat transfer, there is a reduction in the power output and efficiency of the engine
Excessive turbulence which removes most of the insulating gas boundary layer from the cylinder walls
High intensity of knock causes crankshaft vibration and the engine runs rough
None of the above
Temperature
Volume
Density
None of these
1 - rγ - 1
1 + rγ - 1
1 - (1/rγ - 1)
None of these
Enhance flow rate
Control air flow
Induce primary swirl
Induce secondary turbulence
Temperature and pressure in the cylinder at the time of injection
Nature of the fuel mixture strength
Relative velocity between the fuel injection and air turbulence pressure of residual gases
All of the above
40% cetane and 60% alpha methyl naphthalene
40% alpha methyl naphthalene and 60% cetane
40% petrol and 60% diesel
40% diesel and 60% petrol