A. fibrosarcoma

B. leiomyosarcoma

C. carcinoid

D. adult Wilm`s tumor

A. most lesions ≤ 4 cm are asymptomatic

B. renal masses with fat content is pathognomonic for AML

C. renal biopsy from AML carries a high risk of hemorrhage

D. may coexist with malignant lesions, such as sarcomas and RCCs

A. hepatic cysts are the most common extra-renal manifestation

B. might experience cyst hemorrhage, renal infection, or nephrolithiasis

C. typically, complain of flank pain or intermittent hematuria in the early twenties

D. hypertension and CRF commonly occur in the fifth decade of life

A. . The second most common RCC subtype is:

B. collecting duct b. clear cell

C. papillary

D. chromophobe

A. hyperattenuating renal cyst

B. solitary renal cyst

C. uncomplicated renal cyst

D. focal renal cyst

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

A. I

B. II

C. III

D. IV

A. most classic AMLs eventually undergo malignant transformation to sarcomatoid and epithelioid AML

B. the preferred treatment is nephroureterectomy followed by active surveillance

C. angiographic embolization and/or nephron-sparing surgery is advised for symptomatic AMLs greater than 4 cm

D. extra-renal sites include the pancreas, salivary glands, and thyroids

A. margin status and grade

B. tumor size

C. tumor stage

D. the time interval between the tumor emergence and excision

A. . Manifestations of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with RCC include all of the following, EXCEPT:

B. anemia and erythrocytosis

C. hepatic dysfunction and elevated human chorionic gonadotropin levels

D. hypocalcemia

A. 80%

B. 85%

C. 90%

D. 95%

A. ARPKD accounts for 5% of ESRD in children

B. more than one-half of patients with ARPKD require kidney transplant before age 20 years

C. ADPKD is a common cause of ESRD

D. uncommonly, juvenile nephronophthisis causes ESRD in children

A. papillary RCC

B. renal metastases

C. renal oncocytoma

D. renal xanthogranuloma

A. . What is false concerning targeted molecular therapy?

B. is a personalized medical therapy devised to meet each persons individual needs for cancer`s specifications

C. treats cancer by interrupting unique molecular abnormalities that drive cancer growth

D. some cancer types have different molecular targets

A. progress to ESRD in the sixth decade of life

B. hypertension is seen in 80% of patients with ADPKD aged 20-34 years

C. aortic valve stenosis in 25%

D. manifestations are more significant in patients with the PKD2 genotype

A. they follow a benign clinical course

B. they have a bimodal age distribution

C. they are more common in men than in women

D. none of the above

A. is the first and most reliable radiologic examination to study IVC thrombi

B. is reserved for patients with equivocal MRI or CT findings

C. is obsolete and has fallen out of use

D. carries a risk of IVC terrible bleeding that outweighs the diagnostic merits

A. is > 90% in Bosniak type IV renal cysts

B. in patients receiving renal transplants for polycystic kidney disease is 48% higher than that expected in the general population

C. all of the above

D. simple renal cysts might turn malignant in < 4% of cases

A. cyst aspiration and sclerosis

B. partial nephrectomy

C. endoscopic marsupialization and fulguration of the cyst

D. administration of TKIs

A. male gender

B. hypertension

C. renal insufficiency

D. all of the above

A. papillary subtype of RCC has a tendency to multifocality

B. chromosome 13 alterations are common in the development of clear cell renal carcinoma

C. a solid mass on CT that enhances more than 15 HU is suggestive of RCC

D. bilateral involvement in RCC either synchronously or metachronously occurs in 2% to 4% of patients

A. . What is false regarding radical nephrectomy operation?

B. nodal involvement doesn`t influence prognosis

C. renal artery should be ligated before the vein to avoid kidney ballooning

D. cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is performed in patients with supra-diaphragmatic tumor thrombi

A. the quality of the kidney and renal function prior to surgery

B. the quantity of vascularized parenchymal mass preserved after excision

C. the tumor

D. warm ischemia time

A. . What is the most common histologic subtype of renal sarcomas?

B. rhabdomyosarcoma

C. nephrosarcoma

D. leiomyosarcoma

A. acquired cystic renal disease

B. juvenile nephronophthisis

C. medullary sponge kidney

D. bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney

A. . In RCC, ipsilateral adrenal metastasis occurs in:

B. 0.3 - 2%

C. 2 - 10%

D. 11 - 18%

A. . What is the relapse rate for completely resected RCC after radical nephrectomy?

B. 1- 10%

C. 10 - 20%

D. 20 - 30%

A. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

B. developmental cystic renal disease

C. inherited cystic renal disease

D. systemic disease with associated renal cysts

A. fibrosarcoma

B. leiomyosarcoma

C. carcinoid

D. adult Wilm`s tumor

A. renal oncocytoma

B. multiloculated cystic nephromas

C. metanephric adenoma

D. adenoma with clear cell

A. abdominal CT

B. chest X-ray

C. renal function test

D. liver function test