urine production exceeding 200 ml/hr for 2 consecutive hours or producing greater than 3 L of urine in 24 hours is diagnostic of POD
pathologic POD can be exacerbated by excessive fluid replacement
the replacement fluid choice is ringer lactate
fluid resuscitation depends on the degree of dehydration
C. the replacement fluid choice is ringer lactate
Serratia marcescens
Streptococcus pyogenes
Clostridium difficile
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
increase collecting duct permeability
increase medullary blood flow
decrease cortical blood flow
decrease potassium secretion
vancomycin
cefotaxime
penicillin G
tobramycin
bound to sex hormone-binding globulin
free
bound to α1-antichymotrypsin
bound to albumin
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
intimal fibroplasia
medial fibroplasia
medial hyperplasia
serosal hyperplasia
somatic innervations
sympathetic fibers from T11 - L2
the pudendal nerve
the obturator nerve
ice slush
heparin
norepinephrine
methylene blue
estradiol
DHT
FSH
testosterone
type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4
splash of patient`s blood to the eyes
splash of patient`s blood to the mouth
surgical suture needle stick
hollow bore needle stick
4 to 6
7 to 9
10 to 12
13 to 14
erythropoietin
renin
angiotensin I
angiotensinogen
short female urethra
pregnancy
vaginal colonization with enterobacteria
all the above
hoarseness of voice
enlargement of testes
appearance of axillary hair
change in body odor
scattered radiation from the unleaded wall
scattered radiation from the patient
scattered radiation from the floor and ceiling
radiation from the primary beam
prostatic fascia and levator fascia
prostate capsule and prostatic fascia
Denonvilliers fascia and prostate capsule
Denonvilliers fascia and endopelvic fascia
each epididymis can be palpable at the postero-lateral surface of the testis
has 3 parts; head, body, and tail
new batches of sperms stay in the epididymis around 2 days for maturation
shares the same blood supply of the testis
sodium bicarbonate
phyto soya
ascorbic acid
sol palmetto
Staphylococcus epidermidis in the urine
dried urate crystals on the diaper
Adenovirus 11 in the urine
Candidiasis in the urine
dehydration
myoglobinuria
high doses of vitamin C
all of the above
central then transitional
peripheral then transitional
peripheral then central
transitional then central
superior vesical artery
inferior vesical artery
superior gluteal artery
inferior gluteal artery
median sacral artery
inferior phrenic arteries
gonadal arteries
all of the above
zinc
fructose
prostate-specific antigen
alkaline phosphatase
it is the white secretion produced under the foreskin in males
it has a crucial role in penile cancer development
it contains lysozymes, chymotrypsin, neutrophil elastase and cytokines
female smegma can be found between the labia
third
fourth
fifth
seventh
inferior mesenteric artery
superior mesenteric artery
celiac artery
common iliac artery
150 ml
200 ml
250 ml
300 ml
chyluria
bacteriuria
phosphaturia
all of the above