ejaculatory duct
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
rectal wall
B. vas deferens
preparation for donor nephrectomy
advanced RCC in the right kidney
renal artery stenosis
oncocytoma in the left kidney
epididymal cysts
testicular tumors
renal stones
penile vasculature
malunion of lumbar and/or sacral vertebral bodies
pelvic bone diastasis
sacral agenesis
fracture of anterior pubic rami
unilateral hydrocele
bilateral varicocele
calcifications at the renal area on plain KUB film
painless hematuria
MRI
CT
ultrasound
all are comparable
non-seminomatous germ cell tumors
acute bleed on top of old hematoma
mature teratoma
sex cord stromal tumors
reliable tool to exclude urinary calculi
calcifications at renal area might lead to the discovery of renal cancers
can detect soft tissues
fecoliths and phleboliths could be mistaken for calculi
hyperechoic
hypoechoic
isoechoic
anechoic
obstruction of the upper urinary tract may increase renal pelvis pressure and delay or decrease pelvis peristaltic rates
measured by color Doppler flow mapping in transverse scans at the suprapubic region
patients with ureteral stents are the ideal
adequate hydration is necessary
The higher the frequency, the deeper tissue penetration
The higher the frequency, the better the axial resolution
low-frequency transducers are of 6 to 10 MHz
the deeper tissue penetration, the better axial resolution
RCC
metastases
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma
coning at the bulbar urethra is normal
segmental narrowing at bulbar urethra is normal
multiple round filling defects could be air bubbles
indicated in urethral trauma cases
epinephrine
atropine
hydrocortisone
antihistamine
high signal on T1-weighted images
high signal on T2-weighted images
low signal on T1-weighted images
none of the above
bleeding angiomyolipomas
an alternative to nephrectomy in severe uncontrolled hypertension among patients with end-stage renal disease
renal artery aneurysms or symptomatic AV malformations
all of the above
forniceal rupture
drained renal pelvis
high urine output
acute obstruction
RCC
metastases
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma
0 minute
5 minutes
10 minutes
renal parenchyma does not appear on IVU
to evaluate ejaculatory duct obstruction in infertility case
to screen for prostate cancers
to take prostate biopsies
to place interstitial radiotherapy seeds
hippuran I-131
technetium-99m
gallium-67
indium-111labelled WBC
take urine acidifiers
withhold metformin the day before the study and restart 48 hrs. later
get premedicated by steroids and antihistamines
decrease metformin dose and turn to insulin
advanced prostatic cancer
central diabetes insipidus
pituitary adenoma
a & c
hydrocalicosis
extrarenal pelvis
parapelvic cyst
class 2 Bosniak renal cyst
seminoma
embryonal cell tumor
mixed germ cell tumor
epidermoid cyst
mechanical waves
radar waves
microwaves
radio waves
using bladder scanner
measuring the voided urine
using abdominal ultrasonography
performing urinary catheterization
small non-obstructive calculi might be missed at MRU performed for the evaluation of hematuria
in pediatrics, performing a dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging helps in evaluating crossing vessels in the setting of UPJ obstruction
the success of static-fluid MR urography depends on the presence of fluid within the urinary system regardless of renal function
MRU at 3T, carries the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
intratesticular hematoma
testicular abscess
orchitis
sex cord stromal tumors
class 1
class 2
class 3
class 4
grey-scale
simultaneous bilateral views
color Doppler
power Doppler