1/12 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/120 of maximum strain
1/2 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/12 of maximum strain
1/12 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and 1/200 of maximum strain
1/24 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/200 of maximum strain
C. 1/12 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and 1/200 of maximum strain
½ of the thickness of thicker part
¾ of the thickness of thicker part
¾ of the thickness of thinner part
7/8 of the thickness of thinner part
r = I/A
r = √(I/A)
r = (I/A)
r = √(A/I)
Stronger
Weaker
Equally strong
Any of the above
WL3/3EI
WL4/3EI
WL3/48EI
5WL4/384EI
< L/3
< L/6
> L/3
> L/6
Mitre weld
Concave weld
Convex weld
All the above
d/250 for structural steel
d/225 for high tensile steel
Both (c) and (b)
Neither (a) nor (b)
1500 kg/cm2
1890 kg/cm2
2025 kg/cm2
2340 kg/cm2
60
45
35
25
16 mm
20 mm
24 mm
27 mm
40 %
50 %
60 %
70 %
Material cost of a rivet is higher than that of a bolt
Tensile strength of a bolt is lesser than that of a rivet
Bolts are used as a temporary fastening whereas rivets are used as permanent fastenings
Riveting is less noisy than bolting
Beams are simply supported
All connections of beams, girders and trusses are virtually flexible
Members in compression are subjected to forces applied at appropriate eccentricities
All the above
a - [b/{1 + 0.35 (b/a)}]
a + [b/{1 + 0.35 (b/a)}]
a - [b/{1 + 0.2 (b/a)}]
a + [b/{1 + 0.2 (b/a)}]
Deck type
Through type
Half through type
Double deck type
4.5 mm
6 mm
8 mm
10 mm
The ends of a strut, are connected together with two rivets
The members of strut will have at least two connections spaced equidistant in their length
The members when separated back-to-back, the connecting rivets should pass through solid washer or packing
All the above
1.0 mm for rivet diameter upto 12 mm
1.5 mm for rivet diameter exceeding 25 mm
2.0 mm for rivet diameter over 25 mm
None of these
5 %
10 %
15 %
20 %
L
0.67 L
0.85 L
1.5 L
Each web
Each flange
Each web or one hole from each flange whichever is more
Each web or one hole from each flange whichever is less
0
0.5
Between 0.5 and 1.0
1.0
Hoop compression
Shear
Torsional shear
Hoop tension
When the gauge distance is larger than the pitch, the failure of the section may occur in a zig-zag line
When the gauge distance is smaller than the pitch, the failure of the section may occur in a straight right angle section through the centre of rivet holes
When the gauge distance and pitch are both equal, the failure to the section becomes more likely as the diameter of the holes increases
All the above
t < 1/40 th length between inner end rivets
t < 1/50 th length between inner end rivets
t < 1/60 th length between inner end rivets
t < 1/70 th length between inner end rivets
180
200
300
350
6
8
10
15
Angle section
Channel section
Box type section
Any of the above
12 t
16 t
20 t
25 t Where t = thickness of thinnest flange plate
Dead load includes self-weight of the structure and super-imposed loads permanently attached to the structure
Dead loads change their positions and vary in magnitude
Dead loads are known in the beginning of the design
None of these