Axial forces
Shear and axial forces
Shear and bending forces
Axial and bending forces
C. Shear and bending forces
With filler plates
With bearing plates
With filler and hearing plates
None of these
Ap = Zreqr + Zbeam/h
Ap = Zreqr + Zbeam/A
Ap = Zreqr × Zbeam/h
Ap = Zreqr - Zbeam/h
Increasing the web thickness
Providing suitable stiffener
Increasing the length of the bearing plates
None of the above
HTW grade of thickness exceeding 32 mm
HT grade of thickness exceeding 45 mm
HT grade of thickness not exceeding 45 mm
All the above
It is uneconomical
It cannot carry the load safely
It is difficult to connect beams to the round sections
All of the above
1/325 of the span
1/350 of the span
1/375 of the span
1/400 of the span
t = √(21/64)
t = √(64/21)
t = 21/64
t = 64/21
Its high strength
Its gas and water tightness
Its long service life
All the above
Increasing the depth of beam
Increasing the span
Decreasing the depth of beam
Increasing the width of beam
Axial force in rafter
Shear force in rafter
Deflection of rafter
Bending moment in rafter
r = I/A
r = √(I/A)
r = (I/A)
r = √(A/I)
Cross-sectional area of column/Radius of gyration
Radius of gyration/Cross-sectional area of column
Cross-sectional area of column/Section modulus of the section
Section modulus of the section/Cross-sectional area of column
Angle section
Channel section
Box type section
Any of the above
< L/3
< L/6
> L/3
> L/6
A = My/fr²
A = My²/fr²
A = My/fr
A = My/f²r²
Horizontal shear only
Vertical load only
Both (A) and (B)
None of the above
150 t
160 t
170 t
180 t
Deck type
Through type
Half through type
Double deck type
l = L
l = 2L
l = 0.5L
l = 3L
0
0.5
Between 0.5 and 1.0
1.0
To simplify the transverse connections
To minimise lacing
To have greater lateral rigidity
All the above
Bearing plate is assumed as a short beam to transmit the axial load to the lower column section
Axial load is assumed to be taken by flanges
Load transmitted from the flanges of upper column and reactions from the flanges of lower columns are equal and form a couple
All the above
Equal angles back to back
Unequal legged angles with long legs back to back
Unequal legged angles with short legs back to back
Both (B) and (C)
6 t
10 t
12 t
16 t Where t is thickness of thinner plate being connected
L/3 to L/5
L/4 to 2L/5
L/3 to L/2
2L/5 to 3L/5, where L is span
1/2 to 1/3 of the span
1/3 to 1/4 of the span
1/4 to 1/8 of the span
1/8 to 1/12 of the span
Moment of inertia/Radius of gyration
Effective length/Area of cross-section
Radius of gyration/Effective length
Radius of gyration/ Area of cross-section
Loaded columns are supported on column bases
Column bases transmit the column load to the concrete foundation
Column load is spread over a large area on concrete
All the above
T = WL/4R
T = WR/8L
T = WL/8R
T = WL/2R
Less than d
Equal to d
More than d
Any of the above Where d is the diameter of the cylindrical part