25-30 times
10-15 times
14-18 times
20-25 times
C. 14-18 times
carbohydrates are synthesised
proteins are broken down
fat molecules are metabolised
energy is liberated
sleeping
running
eating food
playing
less than that in alveolar air
more than that in alveolar air
equal to that in alveolar air
similar to oxygen pressure in the capillaries
protein
polysaccharide
enzyme
none of these
returns highly oxygenated blood to the left heart for distribution throughout the body
returns highly oxygenated blood to right heart for distribution throughout the body.
delivers blood to lungs low in oxygen
delivers highly oxygenated blood in lungs
Contract
relax
expand
shows no change
yeast cell in fermentation
a liver cell in glycolysis
an Amoeba in aerobic respiration
a muscle cell in lactic acid formation
500 ml
1000 ml
2000 ml
3000 ml
less than that is lung capillaries
equal to that in lung capillaries
double of that in lung capillaries
half of that in lung capillaries
exchange of gases between lungs and blood
cellular respiration
exchange of gases between lungs and atmosphere
respiration in open air
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
medulla oblongata
procencephalon
tidal volume
ventilation rate
residual volume
all of these
absence of oxygen
diminished amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues
both (a) and (b)
none of these
increased alveolar ventilation and increased cardiac output
shift in the haemoglobin dissociation curve to the right
increased erythrocytes and haemoglobin content of blood
all of these
flattened and ciliated cells to increase the surface area of lungs
columnar and ciliated cells to increase the surface area of lungs
only ciliated cells to increase the surface area of lungs
only squamous cells to decrease the surface area of lungs
25-30 times
10-15 times
14-18 times
20-25 times
residual volume
tidal volume
vital capacity
lung volume
external nares
pharynx
larynx
bronchi
egg-laying mammals only
marsupial mammals only
eutherian mammals only
all the mammals
chemicals
physical conditions
nerves
all of these
dull red
bluish red
bright red
dull brown
haemocyanin
haemoglobin
myoglobin
haemoerythrin
lack of sufficient amount of haemoglobin
lack of sufficient amount of erythrocytes
arterial hypoxia
anaemic hypoxia
Oxidases
Metabolites
ATP
ADP
Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli
Respiratory bronchioles, alveola ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli
Bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli
neuron
alveolus
bronchus
none of these
expiration
inspiration
respiration
oxidation
RBC
WBC
Both (a) and (b)
RBC and hormones
Glottis
Vocal cords
Vocal sacs
Epiglottis
moist
immersed in water
very thin
vascular