Rafter
Purlin
Spandrel beam
Lintel
C. Spandrel beam
1.0 mm
1.2 mm
1.4 mm
1.6 mm
Axial force in rafter
Shear force in rafter
Deflection of rafter
Bending moment in rafter
Material cost of a rivet is higher than that of a bolt
Tensile strength of a bolt is lesser than that of a rivet
Bolts are used as a temporary fastening whereas rivets are used as permanent fastenings
Riveting is less noisy than bolting
L = span
L = 0.85 span
L = 0.75 span
L = 0.7 span
t < 1/40 th length between inner end rivets
t < 1/50 th length between inner end rivets
t < 1/60 th length between inner end rivets
t < 1/70 th length between inner end rivets
Half of the nominal width
Nominal width of the section
From the edge to the first row of rivets
None of these
T = WL/4R
T = WR/8L
T = WL/8R
T = WL/2R
1420 kg/cm2
1500 kg/cm2
2125 kg/cm2
1810 kg/cm2
Mid-section
Root of the thread
Difference of (a) and (b)
None of these
d/4
d/3
d/2
2d/3 Where d is the distance between flange angles
Web only
Flanges only
Web and flanges together
None of these
Yield stress to working stress
Tensile stress to working stress
Compressive stress to working stress
Bearing stress to working stress
Equal to load factor in determinate structures
More than the load factor in determinate structures
Less than the load factor in determinate structures
Unpredictable
Tearing failure of plates
Splitting failure of plates at the edges
Bearing failure of rivets
All the above
Adding the axial load, eccentric load, the product of the bending moment due to eccentric load and the appropriate bending factor
Adding the axial load and eccentric load and subtracting the product of bending moment and appropriate bending factor
Dividing the sum of axial load and eccentric load by the product of the bending moment and appropriate bending factor
None of these
Equilibrium condition
Yield condition
Plastic moment condition
Mechanism condition
Load is uniformly distributed among all the rivets
Shear stress on a rivet is uniformly distributed over its gross area
Bearing stress in the rivet is neglected
All the above
Varies in magnitude
Varies in position
Is expressed as uniformly distributed load
All the above
Moment of inertia/Radius of gyration
Effective length/Area of cross-section
Radius of gyration/Effective length
Radius of gyration/ Area of cross-section
Shear
Bending
Axial tension
Shear and bending
Less than d
Equal to d
More than d
Any of the above Where d is the diameter of the cylindrical part
Overall depth
Clear depth
Effective depth
None of these
fb = W/(b + h√3)tw
fb = W/(b + 2h√3)tw
fb = W/(b + 2h√2)tw
fb = W/(b + h√2)tw
45
55
62
82
L
1/√2 × L
½ L
2L
Black bolt
Ordinary unfinished bolt
Turned and fitted bolt
High strength bolt
Cold rivet before driving
Rivet after driving
Rivet hole
None of these
1.5 L
0.67 L
0.85 L
2 L
4.5 mm
6 mm
8 mm
10 mm
Section is of double open channel form with the webs not less than 40 mm apart
Overall depth and width of the steel section do not exceed 750 and 450 mm respectively
Beam is solidly encased in concrete with 10 mm aggregate having 28 days strength 160 kg/cm2
All the above