1500 kg/cm2
1575 kg/cm2
945 kg/cm2
1650 kg/cm2
D. 1650 kg/cm2
Continuous member
Discontinuous single angle strut
Discontinuous double angle strut
All the above
6 to 10 mm in diameter
10 to 16 mm in diameter
12 to 22 mm in diameter
22 to 32 mm in diameter
1/2 to 1/3 of the span
1/3 to 1/4 of the span
1/4 to 1/8 of the span
1/8 to 1/12 of the span
Column building
Bridge building
Ship building
Water tank building
Weight of tank
Wind pressure
Water pressure
Earthquake forces
Vertical stiffeners are provided in steel plate girders if the web is less than d/85
Vertical stiffeners are provided in high tensile steel plate girders if the web is less than d/175
Horizontal stiffeners are provided in steel plate girders if the web is less than d/200
All the above
To simplify the transverse connections
To minimise lacing
To have greater lateral rigidity
All the above
0.000008
0.000010
0.000012
0.000014
Is at the maximum distance from CG of the rivet group
Is at the minimum distance from CG of the rivet group
Gives the maximum angle between the two forces Fa and Fm
Gives the minimum angle between the two forces Fa and Fm
Pitch
Gauge
Diameter of the rivet holes
All the above
Shearing strength
Bearing strength
Tearing strength
Least of (a), (b) and (c)
Equilibrium condition
Yield condition
Plastic moment condition
Mechanism condition
L/3 to L/5
L/4 to 2L/5
L/3 to L/2
2L/5 to 3L/5, where L is span
20% to 30% in excess of the net area
30% to 40% in excess of the net area
40% to 50% in excess of the net area
50% to 60% in excess of the net area
Material cost of a rivet is higher than that of a bolt
Tensile strength of a bolt is lesser than that of a rivet
Bolts are used as a temporary fastening whereas rivets are used as permanent fastenings
Riveting is less noisy than bolting
Sway bracing
Portal bracing
Top lateral bracing
Bottom lateral bracing
WL²/10
- WL²/10
- WL²/12
WL²/12
Fully by direct bearing
Fully through fastenings
50% by direct bearing and 50% through fastenings
75% by direct bearing and 25% through fastenings
d
1.25 d
1.5 d
2.5 d
Bearing plate is assumed as a short beam to transmit the axial load to the lower column section
Axial load is assumed to be taken by flanges
Load transmitted from the flanges of upper column and reactions from the flanges of lower columns are equal and form a couple
All the above
When the gauge distance is larger than the pitch, the failure of the section may occur in a zig-zag line
When the gauge distance is smaller than the pitch, the failure of the section may occur in a straight right angle section through the centre of rivet holes
When the gauge distance and pitch are both equal, the failure to the section becomes more likely as the diameter of the holes increases
All the above
1.0 mm
1.2 mm
1.4 mm
1.6 mm
Transfer the load from the top flange to the bottom one
Prevent buckling of web
Decrease the effective depth of web
Prevent excessive deflection
Horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake only
Horizontal, shear due to wind or earthquake + 2.5% of column loads
Column loads + 2.5% of horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake
Column loads + full horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake
In the elastic range
In the plastic range
At yield point
None of these
d but not less than 0.20 d
1.25 d but not less than 0.33 d
1.5 d but not less than 0.33 d
2.0 d but not less than 0.50 d
d/250 for structural steel
d/225 for high tensile steel
Both (c) and (b)
Neither (a) nor (b)
Only on the ultimate stress of the material
Only on the yield stress of the material
Only on the geometry of the section
Both on the yield stress and ultimate stress of material
To spread the column load over a larger area
To ensure that intensity of bearing pressure between the column footing and soil does not exceed permissible bearing capacity of the soil
To distribute the column load over soil through the column footing
All the above
Rivet line
Back line
Gauge line
All the above