Open market operations
Government spending
Taxation
Fiscal stimulus
A. Open market operations
The government's expenditures exceed its revenues in a given period
The government's revenues exceed its expenditures in a given period
The government's expenditures are equal to its revenues in a given period
The government borrows money from the central bank
Government revenues exceed government expenditures in a given period
Government expenditures exceed government revenues in a given period
Government revenues and expenditures are equal in a given period
Taxes are too high
Central bank policies related to interest rates and money supply to influence the economy
Government policies related to taxation and spending to influence the economy
Policies aimed at regulating international trade
Policies related to the regulation of financial markets
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Money Supply (M2)
Aggregate Demand (AD)
The market for financial assets with maturities of one year or less
The market where foreign exchange rates are determined
The market for long-term government bonds
The market for commodities like gold and silver
Aggregate demand and aggregate supply
Consumption and saving
Investment and government spending
Taxes and transfers
The change in consumption resulting from a change in disposable income
The total amount of consumption in an economy
The change in investment resulting from a change in interest rates
The change in saving resulting from a change in disposable income
Inflation and unemployment
Government spending and taxes
Savings and investment
Consumption and income
An increase in production costs that leads to higher prices
An increase in consumer demand for goods and services
An increase in government spending on infrastructure projects
An increase in the money supply by the central bank
Interest rates are so high that people prefer to hold cash rather than invest or spend
Interest rates are so low that people prefer to hold cash rather than invest or spend
Inflation is high, leading to a decrease in the purchasing power of money
The central bank loses control over the money supply
The additional cost of producing one more unit of a good or service
The total cost of producing a given quantity of a good or service
The average cost of producing all units of a good or service
The fixed cost of producing a given quantity of a good or service
The additional revenue earned from producing one more unit of a good or service
The total revenue earned by a firm
The total cost of producing a given quantity of a good or service
The additional cost of producing one more unit of a good or service
There is high inflation and high unemployment simultaneously
There is low inflation and low unemployment simultaneously
There is high inflation and low unemployment simultaneously
There is low inflation and high unemployment simultaneously
The total amount of money in circulation in an economy
The total amount of money held by banks as reserves
The total amount of money held by households and businesses
The total amount of money created by the central bank
The ratio of the change in the money supply to the change in the monetary base
The ratio of government spending to the level of GDP
The ratio of taxes to disposable income
The ratio of investment to savings in an economy
Government transfers
Taxes
Consumption
Imports
The way in which the burden of a tax is shared between buyers and sellers in a market
The total amount of revenue collected by the government from taxes
The impact of a tax on the overall level of prices in an economy
The distribution of income among different households in an economy
The total amount of money in circulation in an economy
The total amount of money held by banks as reserves
The total amount of money held by households and businesses
The total amount of money created by the central bank
The Federal Reserve adjusting interest rates
The government increasing spending on infrastructure projects
The government selling bonds to the public
The central bank conducting open market operations
A decrease in the overall price level of goods and services in an economy
An increase in the overall price level of goods and services in an economy
A decrease in the purchasing power of a currency
An increase in the purchasing power of a currency
Payment for the use of land or other natural resources that is in excess of what is needed to bring the resource into production
The payment for the use of capital goods in production
The total revenue earned by a firm
The total cost of producing a good or service
The total amount of money in an economy
The total value of physical and human capital in an economy
The total amount of money held by households
The total amount of money held by businesses
Inflation and unemployment in the long run
Inflation and output in the short run
Government spending and taxes
Monetary policy and fiscal policy
The price level and the quantity of real GDP demanded
The interest rate and investment spending
The price level and the quantity of money demanded
The exchange rate and net exports
Tax rates and tax revenue
Government spending and economic growth
Inflation and unemployment
Interest rates and investment
Policies that aim to increase aggregate demand in the economy
Policies that aim to increase the productive capacity of the economy
Policies that aim to control inflation through monetary policy
Policies that aim to control inflation through fiscal policy
Consumers are willing to buy any quantity of a good at a given price
Consumers are only willing to buy a fixed quantity of a good at any price
The quantity demanded of a good does not change regardless of the price
The demand for a good is perfectly inelastic
Government policies that automatically adjust to stabilize the economy during economic fluctuations
The tools used by the central bank to stabilize the money supply
The policies implemented by the government to control inflation
The policies implemented by the government to control unemployment
Expansionary monetary policy
Contractionary monetary policy
Expansionary fiscal policy
Contractionary fiscal policy
The ratio of the change in the money supply to the change in the monetary base
The ratio of government spending to the level of GDP
The ratio of taxes to disposable income
The ratio of investment to savings in an economy