The function of foundation is to distribute the load of super structure over a large bearing area
No timbering is required for shallow trenches
Shallow foundations can be constructed on made-up soil
Black cotton soil is very good for foundation bed
D. Black cotton soil is very good for foundation bed
Q = Wh/6 (S + 2.5)
Q = Wh/2.5 (S + 6)
Q = (W × 6)/h (S + 2.5)
Q = (W × 2.5)/6 (S + h)
Bat
Header
Stretcher
Closer
Uneven settlement of abutments
Sliding of voussoirs
Crushing of the material
All the above
Segmental arch
Pointed arch
Relieving arch
Flat arch
At the centre of the base
Within the middle third of the base
Within the middle fifth of the base
Neither (a), (b) nor (c)
Style
Reveal
Mullion
Post
Cavity of a cavity wall should start near ground level
Cavity of a cavity wall should terminate near eaves level of sloping roof
Cavity of a cavity wall should terminate near coping of flat roof with parapet wall
All the above
Free from voids
Glossy
Durable
Uniform
5 m
10 m
15 m
20 m
Plain cement concrete is equally strong in compression as well as in tension
Slump test is performed to check concrete strength
Curing of concrete is done for proper compaction of cement
Fineness modulus is the index number expressing the relative sizes of both coarse and fine aggregates
Draining sub-soil water
Ramming crushed stone in soil
Driving sand piles
Watering surface of soil
Swelling and shrinkage characteristics prevail
Consolidation continues even after several years of construction
Differential settlement is generally prevalent
All the above
Verticals
Reveals
Jambs
None of these
Water logged soils
Soft rocks
Compact soils
Multi-storeyed buildings
90 mm
150 mm
190 mm
200 mm
Granite
Chalk
Slate
Sand stone
Ground water observations are hindered due to entry of the slurry in the soil below the bottom of the hole
Caving or mixing of strata are caused in soft soils or cohesionless soils
The soil to a considerable depth below the bottom of the hole gets disturbed
All the above
Parallel to grains
45° to grains
Perpendicular to grains
Same in all directions
Easy to handle
Lighter in weight
Extremely durable
All the above
Providing increased area of foundation over poor bearing capacity of soil
Spanning over small soft or loose pockets
Counter acting the hydrostatic effect
All the above
1 day
4 days
7 days
14 days
In Flemish bond, headers and stretchers are laid alternately in the same course
In Flemish bond every header in each course lies centrally over every stretcher of the underlying course
In English bond, stretchers are laid in every course
In English bond, headers and stretchers are laid in alternate courses
Horizontal D.P.C. is provided at plinth level in internal walls
D.P.C. is provided under door and verandah openings
Vertical D.P.C. is not provided in internal walls
Cement concrete is a rigid damp-proofing material
English bond
Stretcher bond
Header bond
Single Flemish bond
1 : 1
1 : 2
1 : 3
1 : 4
Balusters
Strings
Newel posts
Soffits
Ridge board
Hip rafter
Eaves board
Valley rafter
Mosaic floor
Terrazzo floor
Chips floor
Marble floor
Cornice
Coping
Frieze
Lintel
The cost of square rooms is less
The expenditure on the foundation and roof for the double storeyed building is nearly half of that for the ground storeyed building
The cost of construction of a house may be minimised by restricting the height floors
All the above