Round steps
Angular steps
Winders
Radial steps
C. Winders
Ridge board
Hip rafter
Eaves board
Valley rafter
Compacting the soil
Draining the soil
Increasing the depth of foundation
Grouting
Balusters
Newel posts
Balustrades
Railings
Lengths vary from 6 m to 12 m
Diameter of top of piles varies from 40 cm to 60 cm
Diameter of pile at bottom varies from 20 cm to 28 cm
All the above
Gable roof
Hip roof
Gambrel roof
Mansard roof
Balusters
Strings
Newel posts
Soffits
Lantern window
Dormer window
Louvered window
Rash window
Cornice
Coping
Frieze
Lintel
Is a downward drag acting on a pile due to downward movement of the surrounding compressible soil relative to the pile
Develops due to lowering of ground water
Both (a) and (b)
Neither (a) not (b)
Parallel to grains
45° to grains
Perpendicular to grains
Same in all directions
The column spacing
One-third the column spacing
Half the column spacing
Three-fourth the column spacing
Compressible
Water logged
Made up
All the above
Centring
Actual laying of arch work
Striking of centring
None of the above
Uneven settlement of abutments
Sliding of voussoirs
Crushing of the material
All the above
Looking through the well in the vicinity
Standing on the well in the vicinity
Measuring the depth of water in the well
None of the above
Isolated footing is provided under column to transfer the load safely to soil bed
Column footings may have steps or projections in the concrete base
Heavily loaded column base must be provided steel reinforcement in both directions
All the above
Cracking
Dubbing
Blistering
Hacking
1 metre
2 metres
3 metres
4 metres
A combined footing is so proportioned that centre of gravity of supporting area coincides with centre of gravity of two column loads
A combined footing may be either rectangular or trapezoidal in shape
Trapezoidal shaped footings may be provided under any loading
All the above
15 mm
25 mm
35 mm
45 mm
1 : 1
1 : 2
1 : 3
1 : 4
Q = Wh/6 (S + 2.5)
Q = Wh/2.5 (S + 6)
Q = (W × 6)/h (S + 2.5)
Q = (W × 2.5)/6 (S + h)
1 in 40
1 in 50
1 in 60
1 in 70
10 m
15 m
20 m
40 m
1 day
4 days
7 days
14 days
10 %
15 %
20 %
25 %
Granite
Chalk
Marble
Slate
Closer
Half brick
Bed
Bat
Stronger
More compact
Costly
None of the above
Are cohesionless aggregates
Vary in size between 2 to 20 mm
Never swell when they come into contact with water
All the above