Anatomy of flowering plant MCQ Question with Answer

Correct Answer : B

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Explanation
A - Meristems: It is a region of plant tissue, found chiefly at the growing tips of roots and shoots and in the cambium, consisting of actively dividing cells forming new tissue.
B - Parenchyma: It is the cellular tissue, typically soft and succulent, found chiefly in the softer parts of leaves, pulp of fruits, bark and pith of stems, etc. It involves in photosynthesis, storage and secretion.
C - Collenchyma: They are simple, living and mechanical tissue. They are present beneath the epidermis of young stem, petiole and midrib of leaves etc. It provides mechanical support to the growing parts of the plant such as young stem and petiole of a leaf.
D - Sclerenchyma: Sclerenchyma cells are the principal supporting cells in plant tissues that have ceased elongation. These are chiefly distributed in cortex, pericycle, xylem and phloem region. Based on the size and shape, sclerenchyma cells are of two types- fibres and sclereid.
E - Epidermal tissue: It is the outer protective layer of cells of a plant, which may be thickened by a cuticle. It consists of epidermis and epidermal outgrowth. Stomata are the structures present in the epidermis of leaves.

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Correct Answer : A

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Explanation
A - Cuticle: It is a protecting film covering the epidermis of leaves, young shoots and other aerial plant organs without periderm. It consists of lipid and hydrocarbon polymers impregnated with wax, and are synthesized exclusively by the epidermal cells.
B - Bulliform cells: They are large, bubble-shaped, empty colourless epidermal cells that occur in groups on the upper surface of the leaves of many grasses. Loss of turgor pressure in these cells causes leaves to roll up during water stress.
C - Stomata: They are minute aperture structures on plants found typically on the outer leaf skin layer, also known as the epidermis. They consist of two specialized cells, called guard cells that surround a tiny pore called a stoma.
D - Epidermis: It is the outer layer of tissue in a plant, except where it is replaced by periderm. It is a single-layered group of cells that covers plants' leaves, flowers, roots and stems. It forms a boundary between the plant and the external environment.

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Correct Answer : D

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Explanation
A - Stomata: They are minute aperture structures on plants found typically on the outer leaf skin layer, also known as the epidermis. They consist of two specialized cells, called guard cells that surround a tiny pore called a stoma. It helps in transpiration and gaseous exchange. Transpiration is the transport of water through an actual, vegetated plant into the atmosphere. Transpiration is an important part of the evapotranspiration process, and a major mechanism of the water cycle in the atmosphere.
B - Bark: Bark is the outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants. Plants with bark include trees, woody vines, and shrubs. Bark refers to all the tissues outside of the vascular cambium. It serves as protection of stem against damage from parasites, herbivorous animals and diseases, as well as dehydration and fire.
C - Cambium: It is a cellular plant tissue from which phloem, xylem, or cork grows by division, resulting (in woody plants) in secondary thickening.
D - Cuticle: It is a protecting film covering the epidermis of leaves, young shoots and other aerial plant organs without periderm. It consists of lipid and hydrocarbon polymers impregnated with wax, and are synthesized exclusively by the epidermal cells. In addition to its function as permeability barrier for water and other molecules (prevent water loss), the micro and nano-structure of the cuticle confer specialised surface properties that prevent contamination of plant tissues with external water, dirt and microorganisms.

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Correct Answer : C

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Explanation
Spring wood is the part of an annual ring of wood, characterized by large, thin-walled cells, formed during the first part of the growing season. It is lighter in colour with low density. It produces a larger number of xylem elements having vessels with wider cavities.
Autumn wood or late wood is the wood element formed during winter when cambial activity is more. It is darker in colour with high density.Wood elements are lesser in amount and have narrow lumen.

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Correct Answer : A

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Explanation
A - Stele: It is the central core of the stem and root of a vascular plant, consisting of the vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) and associated supporting tissue.
B - Endodermis: It is an inner layer of cells in the cortex of a root and of some stems, surrounding a vascular bundle.
C - Casparian strips: It is a band of cell wall material deposited on the radial and transverse walls of the endodermis, and is chemically different from the rest of the cell wall - the cell wall being made of lignin and without suberin - whereas the Casparian strip is made of suberin and sometimes lignin.
D - Bark: Bark is the outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants. Plants with bark include trees, woody vines, and shrubs.

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Correct Answer : B

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Explanation
A - Fibres: Fibres are thick walled, elongated and pointed cells, generally occurring in groups, in various parts of the plants.
B - Sclereids: Sclereids is a thick-walled lignified sclerenchyma cell. Sclereids are variable in shape and are shorter than fibres.
C - Tracheids: Tracheids are the more ancient tracheary elements, the main water conductive cells of the pteridophytes and the gymnosperms. They are elongate cells with tapering ends. Their cell walls characteristically bear spiral (pteridiophytes), pitted or bordered-pitted (gymnosperms) thickening. Water moves from cell to cell through the side walls.
D - Vessels: Vessel is a long cylindrical tube like structure made up of many cells called vessels members.
E - Xylem parenchyma: Xylem parenchyma cells are living and thin walled and their cell walls are made up of cellulose. They store food materials in the form of starch or fats and other substances like tannins.

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Correct Answer : A

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Explanation
A: Lateral meristem is a meristem that is arranged parallel to the sides of an organ and that is responsible for increase in diameter of the organ. Fascicular vascular cambium, interfascicular cambium and cork cambium are the examples of lateral meristem.
B: Apical meristem is a completely undifferentiated meristematic tissue found in the buds and growing tips of roots in plants. Its main function is to begin growth of new cells in young seedlings at the tips of roots and shoots (forming buds, among other things). During the formation of the primary plant body, specific region of apical meristem produces dermal tissue, ground tissue and vascular cambium.
C: Bast fibres or phloem fibres are made up of sclerenchymatous cells. These are generally absent in primary phloem but found in secondary phloem.
D: Sap wood is the peripheral region of the secondary xylem. It is involved in the conduction of water and minerals from root to leaf.

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