p[(1+i)n - 1)]
p(1 + i)n
p(1 - i)n
p(1 + in)
A. p[(1+i)n - 1)]
p[(1+i)n - 1)]
p(1 + i)n
p(1 - i)n
p(1 + in)
Profit before interest and tax i.e., net profit + interest + tax
Profit after tax plus depreciation
Net profit + tax
Profit after tax
Utilities plants
Maintenance and repair inventory
Process equipments
Depreciation
15
35
55
75
Annually
Fortnightly
Monthly
Half-yearly
Contingencies
Onsite and offsite costs
Labour costs
Raw material costs
10
20
> 20
< 20
10 to 20
20 to 40
45 to 60
65 to 75
Low alloy steel
Lead
Titanium
High alloy steel
30
50
75
95
Decreases
Increases
Increases linearly
Remain constant
Repairs and maintenance cost
Loss due to obsolescence of the equipment
Loss due to decrease in the demand of product
Loss due to accident/breakdown in the machinery
n
n0.6
n0.4
√n
0.1
0.6
0.2
0.8
300
600
800
1000
Diminishing balance
Straight line
Sum of the years digit
Sinking fund
The annual depreciation rate for machinery and equipments in a chemical process plant is about 10% of the fixed capital investment
Annual depreciation rate of buildings in a chemical plant is about 3% of its initial cost
Insurance rates on annual basis in a chemical plant may be about 1% of the fixed capital investment
In a chemical industry, research and development cost amounts to about 15% of net sales realisation (NSR)
Only slightly more
Much more
Slightly less
Almost equal
Equipment installation cost
Equipment cost by scaling
Cost of piping
Utilities cost
Assets = equities
Assets = liabilities + net worth
Total income = costs + profits
Assets = capital
Present worth method
Sinking fund method
Sum of the years-digits method
All (A), (B) and (C)
Water supply
Running a control laboratory
Property protection
Medical services
Difference between income and expense is termed as gross revenue
Unamortised cost is the difference between the original cost of a property and all the depreciation charges made to date
Sum-of-the-years-digits methods of depreciation calculation accounts for the interest on the investment
Scrap value is the net amount of money obtainable from the sale of used property over and above any charges involved in its removal & sale
Cash reserve
Rate of return on investment
Payout period
Discounted cash flow based on full life performance
Quarterly
Semi-annually
Annually
In no case, they are equal
Gross revenue is that total amount of capital received as a result of the sale of goods or service
Net revenue is the total profit remaining after deducting all costs excluding taxes
The ratio of immediately available cash to the total current liabilities is known as the cash ratio
Consolidated income statement based on a given time period indicates surplus capital and shows the relationship among total income, costs & profit over the time interval
Cash ratio
Net working capital
Current ratio
Liquids assets
4
13
22
34
Decreases
Increases
Remains the same
May increase or decrease, depending upon whether the fluid is Newtonian or non-Newtonian
Product inventory
In-process inventory
Minimum cash reserve
Storage facilities