A. epididymo-orchitis

B. indirect inguinal hernia

C. testicular microlithiasis

D. syphilitic gumma

A. rhabdomyosarcoma

B. liposarcoma

C. sarcomatoid tumor

D. angiosarcoma

A. evaluates post chemotherapy residual masses in pure seminoma cases

B. helps stage non-seminomatous germ cell tumors

C. all of the above

D. used for active surveillance in non-operable cases

A. mature teratoma

B. immature teratoma

C. cystadenoma

D. adenomatoid tumor

A. is considered based on a histologic evidence

B. should not be performed through a scrotal incision

C. preoperative biopsy is required for histologic examination

D. entails early clamping of the cord at the external inguinal ring level

A. elevation of only α-FP indicates pure non-seminoma

B. elevation of α-FP might occur in chronic liver disease, hepatitis, and alcohol abuse

C. elevation of LDH indicates tumor burden and growth rate

D. elevation of β-hCG above 10,000 mIU/mL is seen only in germ cell tumors

A. yolk cell tumors

B. choriocarcinomas

C. embryonal carcinomas

D. pure seminomas

A. polyembryoma

B. teratoma

C. embryonal carcinoma

D. mixed germ cell tumor

A. in pure seminoma α-FP is normal

B. if syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells are present, β-hCG may be elevated

C. spermatocytic seminomas rarely metastasize without sarcomatous differentiation

D. pure seminoma constitutes approximately 90% of pure germ cell tumors

A. greater than 90%

B. lesser than 40%

C. greater than 70%

D. lesser than 20%

A. unilateral hydrocele

B. dull ache or heavy sensation in the lower abdomen

C. painless swelling or a nodule in the testicle

D. incidental finding on scrotal ultrasonography

A. active surveillance is recommended for patients with horseshoe kidney

B. adjuvant chemotherapy with a single dose of carboplatin is recommended as an alternative to radiation therapy

C. the number of positive nodes dissected dictates the number of chemotherapy cycles to be given

D. cure is possible after radical orchiectomy alone

A. lymphoma

B. spermatocytic seminoma

C. adenocarcinoma

D. cystadenoma

A. the risk of developing germ cell tumor when an undescended testis is in the abdomen is greater than when it is in the inguinal canal

B. orchiopexy for boys younger than 6 yrs. lowers the risk of cancer development

C. a normally descended testis carries 5-20% risk of developing cancer when its mate is undescended

D. the risk of cancer increases in cryptorchid patients over 33 yrs. of age

A. undergo laparoscopic lymph node sampling

B. receive induction chemotherapy

C. undergo extensive retroperitoneal lymph node dissection

D. go for palliative therapy

A. epididymo-orchitis

B. indirect inguinal hernia

C. testicular microlithiasis

D. syphilitic gumma

A. α-FP and/or β-hCG are elevated in approximately 80% to 85% of patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumors

B. β-hCG increases in either seminoma or non-seminoma

C. LDH increases in 30% to 80% of pure seminoma patients and in 60% of non-seminoma patients

D. high levels of α-FP might induce nipple tenderness or gynecomastia

A. there is no clinical distinction between mature and immature teratoma

B. has no biological markers

C. is sensitive to chemotherapy

D. when large in size can be infiltrative and difficult to resect

A. rhabdomyosarcoma

B. liposarcoma

C. sarcomatoid tumor

D. angiosarcoma

A. peripheral neuropathy

B. renal failure

C. Raynaud phenomenon

D. hypogonadism

A. patients in whom retroperitoneal LN dissection (RPLND) reveals viable cancer cells after chemotherapy, subsequent chemotherapy is recommended

B. surgical resection is recommended for patients with residual disease after chemotherapy

C. open nerve-sparing RPLND might lead to premature ejaculation

D. in non-seminoma patients stage I-A, I-B, 1S on long-term surveillance, relapses are expected in 80% of cases within the first year after orchiectomy

A. younger than 10 yrs.

B. older than 50 yrs.

C. between 20 27 yrs.

D. between 28 35 yrs.

A. occurs in men over 60 yrs.

B. does not contain an isochromosome 12p

C. constitutes a considerable part of mixed germ cell tumors

D. rarely metastasizes without sarcomatous differentiation

A. left testicular tumors spread to the periaortic lymph nodes

B. right testicular tumors spread to the interaortocaval lymph nodes

C. the fashion of further spread in the retroperitoneum is from right to left

D. all of the above

A. 60%

B. 70%

C. 80%

D. 90%

A. in a patient with a history of GCTs, the finding of testicular microlithiasis on ultrasonography poses a higher risk of intratubular germ cell neoplasia

B. occur bilaterally approximately 2% of cases

C. are extragonadal in 1 - 5%

D. are more likely to contain embryonal tumor cells than tumors arising in the testis

A. should be suspected in any patient with a very high hCG level on diagnosis

B. the commonest subtype that causes brain metastases is choriocarcinoma

C. these patients should receive 4 cycles of bleomycin-etoposide-cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy

D. early initiation of chemotherapy ensures a good prognosis

A. pure embryonal carcinoma may increase serum α-FP and hCG levels

B. pure seminoma increases serum hCG levels in 15% of cases but not α-FP

C. typically, endodermal sinus tumors dont increase any tumor marker

D. pure choriocarcinoma is associated with high hCG levels but not α-FP

A. fossa navicularis

B. bulbomembranous urethra

C. prostatic urethra

D. external urethral meatus

A. over 80%

B. over 85%

C. over 90 %

D. over 95 %

A. 10 - 20%

B. 20 - 60%

C. 60 - 80%

D. 80 - 90%