In AI, the Logic is classified into two types: deductive and inductive. Which of the following approaches is followed up by the Inductive logic?
Top-down approach
Bottom-up approach
No specific approach
According to precedence
Correct Answer :
B. Bottom-up approach
In Inductive logic, the reasoning is done through a bottom-up approach. What this means is that the agent here takes specific information and them generalizes it for the sake of complete understanding.
Related Questions
On which of the mentioned points does the Conditional Probability reasonable to apply?
Dependent Events
Independent Events
Neither a. nor b.
Both a. and b.
Which of the mentioned points are valid reasons for uncertainty in the nature?
Partially observable environment
Dynamic nature of the environment
Inaccessible area in the environment
All of the above
In which of the following mentioned statements, probabilistic reasoning is applicable?
a) The number occurred on rolling a die.
b) What will the temperature tomorrow?
c) What card will get on picking a card from a fair deck of 52 cards?
d) What output will we get on tossing a coin?
Options:
Only iv.
All i., ii., iii. and iv.
ii. and iv.
Only ii.
Which of the levels in a knowledge-based agent is the most abstract level?
Knowledge Level
Logical Level
Implementation Level
Can't be determined
Which of the mentioned point are not valid with respect to a Propositional Logic?
In propositional Logic, each sentence is a declarative sentence
In propositional logic, the sentence can have answers other than True or False
Propositional Logic is a type of knowledge representation in AI
None of the above
Which if the following are valid methods used for decision making by an AI agent in situations of uncertainty? Choose from the following options?
a) Probabilistic theory
b) Fuzzy logic
c) Truth Maintenance
Only i.
i. and iii.
ii. and iii.
All i, ii. and iii.
Which of the following hold in the Fuzzy Logic System? Choose from the following options?
a) Well defined inference making model
b) Complex Decision making can be easily performed
c) It is easily understandable
Only i.
i. and iii.
ii. and iii.
All i, ii. and iii.
Consider the following statement:The knowledge-based agent can be described using three levels. These are: Knowledge level, Logical level, and Implementation levelIn which of these levels, is the raw and discrete information encoded into sentences?
Knowledge Level
Logical Level
Implementation Level
Can't be determined
Which of the following are a part of Fuzzy Logic System? Choose from the following options?
a) Knowledge base
b) Fuzzification Module
c) Inference Engine
d) Defuzzification Module
Only i.
i. and iii.
ii. and iii.
All i, ii. and iii. and iv.
Consider the following statement:While taking any decision, the agent must provide specific reasons based on which the decision was taken. And this reasoning can be done by the agent only if the agent has the capability of understanding the logic.Among which of the following situations will the agent use and apply logic for solving the problem?
To solve real life problems
To play a game against a human in the same way as a human would do
To understand the environment variables
All of the above
Which of the mentioned human behavior does the AI aim to mimic?
Thinking
Eating
Sleeping
None of the above
The Certainty Factor (CF) is a numeric value which tells us about how likely an event or a statement is supposed to be true.What is the range of this numeric value, i.e. Certainty Factor?
Between 0 to 1 (Both inclusive)
Between 0 to 1 (Both exclusive)
Between -1 to +1
None of the above
Consider the following statement:The universal quantifier is used to define the whole subject population under the predicate.By reading the above statement, what are the phrases for which the universal quantifier can be applied?
For all
For each
For every
All of the above
Which of the following mentioned problems are CSP (Constraint Satisfactory Problems)?
a) N queens Problem
b) Crypt- arithmetic problem
c) Map coloring problem
d) Sudoku
Options:
Only iv.
All i., ii., iii. and iv.
ii. and iv.
None of the above
An AI agent is defined though it's PEAS.What does the term PEAS stand for?
Personal Enhancement Area in Science
Performance, Environment, Actuators and Sensors
Performance, Entity, Area, State
None of the above
The results that we get after we apply conditional probability to a problem are,
100% accurate
Estimated values
Wrong values
None of the above
The Maintenance system in the Truth maintenance method stores what?
Only valid data
Only invalid data
Both valid and invalid data
None of the above
In AI systems, Logic can be represented in two types. What are these two types?
a) Inductive Logic
b) Common Logic
c) Deductive Logic
d) Machine Logic
Options:
i. and ii.
i. and iii.
ii. and iii.
iii. and iv.
Which of the following are comprised within AI?
Machine Learning
Deep Learning
Both (1) and (2)
None of the above
The results that we get after we apply Bayesian Theorem to a problem are,
100% accurate
Estimated values
Wrong values
None of the above
Which of the following is not a goal of an AI agent?
Perceiving data from the environment
Adapting to the environment and situations
Acting upon the Environment
Reversing the previously performed actions
Why do we want to implement the concept of Logic in an AI system?
So that the agent can have decision making capability
So that the agent can think and act humanly
So that the agent can apply the logic for finding the solution to any particular problem
All of the above
Consider the following statement:When we talk about perceiving information from the environment, then the main problem that arises is that there is always some uncertainty is our observations. This is because the world is an enormous entity and the surroundings that we take under study are not always well defined. So, there is needs to be an estimation taken for getting to any conclusion.Which among the following takes the best decisions in a situation with uncertainty?
AI based agents
Humans
Animals
None of the above
Fuzzy Logic is a convenient way of representing which of the following situations?
Partially True and Partially False
Completely True and Completely False
Both 1) and 2)
None of the above
The main Aim of the AI system is to provide a solution for real-life problems by acting and thinking humanly. Whenever an agent is confronted by a problem, what is the first step that it follows towards searching a solution to the problem?
Searching for relevant data in the surroundings
Searching into its own knowledge base for solutions
Seeking for human inputs for approaching towards the solution
None of the above
Consider the following steps:
a) Gathering knowledge
b) Defining problem
c) Applying solution
d) Planning
e) Forming the state space
What is the correct order for solving an AI problem?
i. v. ii. iv. iii.
i. ii. iii. iv. v.
ii. i. v. iv. iii.
None of the above
Which of the following is considered as the most powerful AI agent?
Simple based reflex agent
Model based reflex agent
Goal based agent
Utility based agent
The Maintenance system in the Truth maintenance method stores what?
Only valid data
Only invalid data
Both valid and invalid data
None of the above
Which of the following statements define the certainty factor accurately?
The certainty factor is same as the probability of any event
The Certainty Factor (CF) is a numeric value that tells us about how likely an event or a statement is supposed to be true
The Certainty Factor (CF) is a numeric value that tells us about how certain we are about performing a particular task
None of the above
What is the minimum Certainty factor which decided whether the value is true or false?
0
-1
+1
Is decided in prior to every problem