Decrease in h/t ratio
Increase in h/t ratio
Decrease in thickness
Increase in height Where 'h' is height and t is thickness
B. Increase in h/t ratio
1.33 d
1.25 d
1.5 d
1.75 d Where d is the distance between flange angles
Pe = P + MA/Z
Pe = P - MA/Z
Pe = P - Z/MA
Pe = P + Z/MA
Stronger
Weaker
Equally strong
Any of the above
Modulus of elasticity
Shear modulus of elasticity
Bulk modulus of elasticity
All the above
Cold rivet before driving
Rivet after driving
Rivet hole
None of these
1.8 L
L
1.1 L
1.5 L
The nominal diameter of a rivet is its diameter before driving
The gross diameter of a rivet is the diameter of rivet hole
The gross area of a rivet is the cross-sectional area of the rivet hole
The diameter of a rivet hole is equal to the nominal diameter of the rivet plus 1.5 mm
Area of compression flange at the minimum bending moment to the corresponding area at the point of maximum bending moment
Area of tension flange at the minimum bending moment of the corresponding area at the point of maximum bending moment
Total area of flanges at the maximum bending moment to the corresponding area at the point of maximum bending moment
None of these
1.0 mm for rivet diameter upto 12 mm
1.5 mm for rivet diameter exceeding 25 mm
2.0 mm for rivet diameter over 25 mm
None of these
Two holes for each angle and one hole for the web
One hole for each angle and one hole for the web
One hole for each angle and two holes for the web
Two holes for each angle and two holes for the web
The upper flange
The lower flange
The upper end of the web
The upper and lower ends of the web
1.00 mm thickness of packing
1.50 mm thickness of packing
2.0 mm thickness of packing
2.50 mm thickness of packing
Degree of permeability of roof
Slope of roof
Both (A) and (B)
None of the above
The neutral axis of the section
2/3rd of the depth of the neutral axis from the compression flange
2/5th of the depth of the neutral axis from the compression flange
2/5th of the height of the neutral axis from tension flange
Lesser of 200 mm and 12 t
Lesser of 200 mm and 16 t
Lesser of 300 mm and 32 t
Lesser of 3 00 mm and 24 t Where t is thickness of thinnest outside plate or angle
5 %
10 %
15 %
20 %
150 t
160 t
170 t
180 t
16 times the thickness of outside plate
24 times the thickness of outside plate
32 times the thickness of outside plate
36 times the thickness of outside plate
HTW grade of thickness exceeding 32 mm
HT grade of thickness exceeding 45 mm
HT grade of thickness not exceeding 45 mm
All the above
Moment of inertia/Radius of gyration
Effective length/Area of cross-section
Radius of gyration/Effective length
Radius of gyration/ Area of cross-section
Load/Shear strength of a rivet
Load/Bearing strength of a rivet
Load/Tearing strength of a rivet
Load/Rivet value
1.0% of the axial load
2.0% of the axial load
2.5% of the axial load
3.0% of the axial load
3 t
4 t
6 t
8 t Where t = thickness of the batten plate
Mainly used to resist bending stress
Used as independent sections to resist compressive stress
Used as independent sections to resist tensile stress
All the above
40 %
50 %
60 %
70 %
1/2 to 1/3 of the span
1/3 to 1/4 of the span
1/4 to 1/8 of the span
1/8 to 1/12 of the span
Always equal to factor of safety
Always less than factor of safety
Always greater than factor of safety
Sometimes greater than factor of safety
1.5 L
0.67 L
0.85 L
2 L
Rectangular beams up to 300 mm depth
All rectangular beams
Solid circular beams only
All square cross-section beams
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.5