L/100
L/150
L/260
L/360
D. L/360
Parallel to grains
45° to grains
Perpendicular to grains
Same in all directions
Haunch
Spandril
Soffit
Rise
To drain off the water from the filling
To ventilate the stone masonry
To add architectural beauty
To increase compaction of the earth retained
12
18
24
25
Style
Reveal
Mullion
Post
Upper horizontal wooden member
Lower horizontal wooden member
Intermediate horizontal wooden member
Vertical wooden member
Hacking
Dubbing out
Blistering
Peeling
Pitched and sloping roof
Flat roof
Shell roof
None of the above
Ashlar arch
Rubble arch
Gauged arch
Axed arch
Two directions without break in the slope on each side
Two directions with break in the slope on each side
Four directions without break in the slope on each side
Four directions with break in the slope on each side
A combined footing is so proportioned that centre of gravity of supporting area coincides with centre of gravity of two column loads
A combined footing may be either rectangular or trapezoidal in shape
Trapezoidal shaped footings may be provided under any loading
All the above
2 to 3 t/m2
5 to 7.5 t/m2
8 to 10 t/m2
10 to 12 t/m2
Cleat
Stop
Horn
None of these
Friction pile
Bearing pile
Friction bearing pile
Rough pile
Granite
Marble
Sand stone
Slate
Buttress
Leaf wall
Pilaster
Pillar
Dormer window
Sky light window
Lantern window
Louvered window
Three centred arch
Two centred arch
Lancet arch
Bull's eye arch
Ranging rod
Steel tape
Levelling staff
Boning rod
Deodar and Shishum
Chir and sal
Sal and teak
Chir and deodar
Soffits
Voussoirs
Haunches
Spandrils
Combined footing
Strap footing
Raft footing
None of these
Are cohesionless aggregates
Vary in size between 2 to 20 mm
Never swell when they come into contact with water
All the above
Increase the depth of foundation
Drain the soil
Compact the soil
Replace the poor soil
Upper flange of top tier
Lower beam of lower tier
Ends of external beams
None to these
1 day
4 days
7 days
14 days
Isolated footing is provided under column to transfer the load safely to soil bed
Column footings may have steps or projections in the concrete base
Heavily loaded column base must be provided steel reinforcement in both directions
All the above
0.5 m
0.7 m
0.9 m
1.2 m
Hip
Gable
Ridge
Eaves
Heat insulation
Sound insulation
Prevention of dampness
All the above