180
200
250
350
A. 180
r = I/A
r = √(I/A)
r = (I/A)
r = √(A/I)
Dead load includes self-weight of the structure and super-imposed loads permanently attached to the structure
Dead loads change their positions and vary in magnitude
Dead loads are known in the beginning of the design
None of these
Shear failure
Shear failure of plates
Bearing failure
All the above
Ap = Zreqr + Zbeam/h
Ap = Zreqr + Zbeam/A
Ap = Zreqr × Zbeam/h
Ap = Zreqr - Zbeam/h
The upper flange
The lower flange
The upper end of the web
The upper and lower ends of the web
Only (i)
Both (i) and (ii)
Both (i) and (iii)
All (i), (ii) and (iii)
B = b + 25 mm
B = b + 50 mm
B = b + 75 mm
B = b + 100 mm
16 kg/cm2
18 kg/cm2
20 kg/cm2
22 kg/cm2
Steel work
Material fastened to steel work
Material supported permanently
All the above
Two times the weld size
Four times the weld size
Six times the weld size
Weld size
1.23 m above the rail level
1.50 m above the rail level
1.83 m above the rail level
2.13 m above the rail level
Hoop compression
Shear
Torsional shear
Hoop tension
Minimum weight
Minimum depth
Maximum weight
Minimum thickness of web
Axial force in rafter
Shear force in rafter
Deflection of rafter
Bending moment in rafter
HTW grade of thickness exceeding 32 mm
HT grade of thickness exceeding 45 mm
HT grade of thickness not exceeding 45 mm
All the above
Shear
Bending
Axial tension
Shear and bending
Two series
Three series
Four series
Five series
Only (i)
Both (i) and (ii)
Both (i) and (iii)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
Modulus of elasticity
Shear modulus of elasticity
Bulk modulus of elasticity
All the above
d = (M/fb)
d = 1.5 (M/fb)
d = 2.5 (M/fb)
d = 4.5 (M/fb)
Area of compression flange at the minimum bending moment to the corresponding area at the point of maximum bending moment
Area of tension flange at the minimum bending moment of the corresponding area at the point of maximum bending moment
Total area of flanges at the maximum bending moment to the corresponding area at the point of maximum bending moment
None of these
The nominal diameter of a rivet is its diameter before driving
The gross diameter of a rivet is the diameter of rivet hole
The gross area of a rivet is the cross-sectional area of the rivet hole
The diameter of a rivet hole is equal to the nominal diameter of the rivet plus 1.5 mm
Bearing and shear
Bending and shear
Bearing and bending
Bearing, shear and bending
Pitch
Gauge
Diameter of the rivet holes
All the above
d
1.25 d
1.5 d
2.5 d
0.55 Aw.fy
0.65 Aw.fy
0.75 Aw.fy
0.85 Aw.fy Where, Aw = effective cross-sectional area resisting shear fy = yield stress of the steel
η = p/p - d
η = p/p + d
η = p - d/p
η = p + d/p
To simplify the transverse connections
To minimise lacing
To have greater lateral rigidity
All the above
When the gauge distance is larger than the pitch, the failure of the section may occur in a zig-zag line
When the gauge distance is smaller than the pitch, the failure of the section may occur in a straight right angle section through the centre of rivet holes
When the gauge distance and pitch are both equal, the failure to the section becomes more likely as the diameter of the holes increases
All the above
20% to 30% in excess of the net area
30% to 40% in excess of the net area
40% to 50% in excess of the net area
50% to 60% in excess of the net area