Which type of conditioning involves learning associations between behaviors and their consequences?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational conditioning
Reflexive conditioning
Correct Answer :
B. Operant conditioning
Related Questions
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for conserving energy and promoting relaxation?
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, what comes first in the sequence of experiencing an emotion?
Physiological arousal
Cognitive appraisal
Behavioral response
Emotional experience
According to the attachment theory, what term is used to describe the type of attachment where a child is distressed when a caregiver leaves but is easily comforted upon their return?
Secure attachment
Avoidant attachment
Anxious-ambivalent attachment
Disorganized attachment
According to Erikson's theory, what is the primary task of early adulthood?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Who is known for the concept of the zone of proximal development and emphasized the importance of social interactions in learning?
Abraham Maslow
Albert Bandura
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
According to the stages of grief proposed by Elisabeth K�bler-Ross, which stage involves accepting the reality of the loss?
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Acceptance
According to Abraham Maslow, what is the highest level in the hierarchy of needs?
Esteem needs
Self-actualization
Safety needs
Belongingness and love needs
Which neurotransmitter is associated with muscle control, arousal, and attention?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
GABA
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary crisis of late adulthood?
Integrity vs. Despair
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
In operant conditioning, what term is used to describe the process of weakening a behavior by applying an unpleasant stimulus after the behavior occurs?
Reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
Shaping
Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the influence of societal and cultural factors on behavior and mental processes?
Sociocultural
Humanistic
Psychodynamic
Cognitive
What is the term for the process of encoding new information by associating it with information that is already stored in memory?
Chunking
Elaborative rehearsal
Maintenance rehearsal
Priming
Who is known for the concept of the self-fulfilling prophecy, which suggests that people's expectations can influence their behavior in such a way that it causes those expectations to come true?
Robert Merton
Philip Zimbardo
Solomon Asch
Stanley Milgram
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the process of gradually reducing the intensity of a conditioned stimulus while still obtaining the conditioned response?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Habituation
Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts in shaping behavior?
Behaviorism
Psychodynamic
Humanistic
Cognitive
What is the term for the type of learning that occurs through observing and imitating the behavior of others?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
Cognitive learning
What is the term for the phenomenon where people's behavior changes in response to the presence of others?
Social facilitation
Social loafing
Deindividuation
Groupthink
According to the concept of social loafing, what happens when individuals work in a group compared to when they work alone?
They tend to exert less effort in a group.
They tend to exert more effort in a group.
They exert the same level of effort in both situations.
Their effort is unpredictable and can vary.
What is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in memory often referred to as?
Perception
Learning
Cognition
Memory
What is the term for the phenomenon where a previously extinguished conditioned response reappears in the presence of a similar stimulus?
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
Extinction
Which type of therapy focuses on changing irrational or maladaptive thought patterns to improve emotional well-being?
Cognitive therapy
Behavioral therapy
Psychoanalytic therapy
Humanistic therapy
Which part of the brain is associated with processing and regulating emotions, especially those related to fear and aggression?
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
According to Erikson's theory, what is the primary task of early childhood?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
What term is used to describe the process of encoding information by forming associations or links between new information and existing knowledge?
Chunking
Elaborative rehearsal
Maintenance rehearsal
Priming
Who is known for the theory of classical conditioning and the famous Little Albert experiment?
John Watson
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Which part of the brain is responsible for processing and integrating sensory information from all senses except smell?
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Medulla
Parietal lobe
Who is known for the classical conditioning experiment with dogs?
B.F. Skinner
John Watson
Ivan Pavlov
Albert Bandura
According to Erikson, what is the primary task of late childhood (6-11 years)?
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Who conducted the famous Little Albert experiment on classical conditioning?
John Watson and Rosalie Rayner
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
What is the term for the phenomenon where people are more likely to recall information that is at the beginning or end of a list?
Primacy effect
Recency effect
Serial position effect
Spacing effect