In operant conditioning, what term is used to describe the process of weakening a behavior by applying an unpleasant stimulus after the behavior occurs?
Reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
Shaping
Correct Answer :
B. Punishment
Related Questions
According to Erikson, what is the primary task of late childhood (6-11 years)?
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Who conducted the famous Little Albert experiment on classical conditioning?
John Watson and Rosalie Rayner
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Who is known for the social learning theory and the concept of self-efficacy?
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
Abraham Maslow
Which type of reinforcement involves reinforcing a behavior after a varying number of responses?
Fixed-ratio
Variable-ratio
Fixed-interval
Variable-interval
Who is known for the concept of the self-concept and the distinction between the real self and the ideal self?
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
Erik Erikson
Albert Bandura
What is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in memory often referred to as?
Perception
Learning
Cognition
Memory
In operant conditioning, what term is used to describe the process of weakening a behavior by applying an unpleasant stimulus after the behavior occurs?
Reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
Shaping
According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, which stage is associated with the focus on the pleasure of the genitals?
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Genital
Which part of the brain is associated with decision-making, impulse control, and personality?
Amygdala
Prefrontal cortex
Hippocampus
Medulla
Which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development is associated with the conflict of industry vs. inferiority?
Preschool age
School age
Adolescence
Young adulthood
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of rest or time without exposure to the conditioned stimulus?
Spontaneous recovery
Generalization
Discrimination
Extinction
Which type of research design involves manipulating one or more independent variables to observe their effect on a dependent variable?
Experimental
Correlational
Descriptive
Observational
Which type of memory is responsible for recalling information about how to do things or perform specific tasks?
Sensory memory
Procedural memory
Semantic memory
Short-term memory
Who is known for the theory of classical conditioning and the famous Little Albert experiment?
John Watson
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
GABA
Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts in shaping behavior?
Behaviorism
Psychodynamic
Humanistic
Cognitive
Who is known for the social cognitive theory and the concept of reciprocal determinism?
Abraham Maslow
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
According to Erikson's theory, what is the primary task of early childhood?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Who developed the stages of moral development, including the pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional levels?
Lawrence Kohlberg
Sigmund Freud
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences in shaping personality?
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic
Cognitive
Behavioral
Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to another person?
Displacement
Rationalization
Projection
Regression
According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, what comes first in the sequence of experiencing an emotion?
Physiological arousal
Cognitive appraisal
Behavioral response
Emotional experience
Which type of therapy focuses on changing irrational or maladaptive thought patterns to improve emotional well-being?
Cognitive therapy
Behavioral therapy
Psychoanalytic therapy
Humanistic therapy
What is the term for the phenomenon where people are more likely to comply with a request after first agreeing to a smaller request?
Social facilitation
Door-in-the-face technique
Foot-in-the-door technique
Cognitive dissonance
What term is used to describe the process of encoding information by forming associations or links between new information and existing knowledge?
Chunking
Elaborative rehearsal
Maintenance rehearsal
Priming
In operant conditioning, what term is used to describe the process of weakening a behavior by removing a desired stimulus after the behavior occurs?
Reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
Shaping
According to the attachment theory, what term is used to describe the type of attachment where a child is distressed when a caregiver leaves but is easily comforted upon their return?
Secure attachment
Avoidant attachment
Anxious-ambivalent attachment
Disorganized attachment
What is the role of the amygdala in the brain?
Regulating body temperature
Processing emotions, especially fear and aggression
Controlling movement and coordination
Regulating sleep-wake cycles
Which type of reinforcement involves reinforcing a behavior after a specific number of responses?
Fixed-ratio
Variable-ratio
Fixed-interval
Variable-interval
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for activating the fight or flight response in stressful situations?
Central nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system