The flank of the tool is the surface or surfaces below and adjacent to the cutting edges
The nose is the corner, arc or chamfer joining the side cutting and the end cutting edges
The heel is that part of the tool which is shaped to produce the cutting edges and face
The base is that surface of the shank which bears against the support and takes tangent pressure of the cut
C. The heel is that part of the tool which is shaped to produce the cutting edges and face
0.20
0.30
0.50
0.60
Decreasing the rake angle
Increasing the depth of cut
Decreasing the cutting speed
Increasing the cutting speed
Hard and brittle materials
Soft and ductile materials
Hard and ductile materials
Soft and brittle materials
Has no effect on
Increase
Decrease
None of these
Single point cutting tool
Two point cutting tool
Three point cutting tool
Multipoint cutting tool
0°
10°
20°
100°
Regulating wheel diameter
Speed of the regulating wheel
Angle between the axes of grinding and regulating wheels
All of the above
Sprue base area: runner area: ingate area
Pouring basin area: ingate area: runner area
Sprue base area: ingate area: casting area
Runner area: ingate area: casting area
Distortion
Warping
Porous weld
Poor fusion
By which the face of the tool is inclined towards back
By which the face of the tool is inclined sideways
Between the surface of the flank immediately below the point and a plane at right angles to the centre line of the point of tool
Between the surface of the flank immediately below the point and a line drawn from the point perpendicular to the base
Water
Soluble oil
Dry
Sulphurised mineral oil
Helix or rake angle
Point angle
Chisel edge angle
Lip clearance angle
Amount of material to be removed
Hardness of material being ground
Finish desired
All of these
Equal to 30°
Less than 30°
More than 30°
None of these
Occurs at the middle
May not occur at the middle
Depends upon the material of the tool
Depends upon the geometry of the tool
Negative rake angle
Positive rake angle
Any rake angle
No rake angle
Sensitive drilling machine
Radial drilling machine
Gang drilling machine
Deep hole drilling machine
Internal screw threads
External screw threads
No threads
Tapered threads
Brittle material
Tough material
Hard material
Ductile material
Single start
Double start
Multi-start
Any one of these
Very high pouring temperature of the metal
Insufficient fluidity of the molten metal
Absorption of gases by the liquid metal
Improper alignment of the mould flasks
90°
118°
135°
150°
Zero helix angle is used
Low helix angle is used
High helix angle is used
Any helix angle can be used
Carbide, ceramic, cermet, borazon
Ceramic, carbide, borazon, cermet
Cermet, carbide, ceramic, borazon
Borazon, ceramic, carbide, cermet
Increases continuously
Decreases continuously
Decreases, becomes stable and then increases.
Increases, becomes stable and then decreases.
Low cutting speed and large rake angle
Low cutting speed and small rake angle
High cutting speed and large rake angle
High cutting speed and small rake angle
Only hob rotates
Only gear blank rotates
Both hob and gear blank rotates
Neither hob nor gear blank rotates
Cross direction only
Longitudinal direction only
Both cross and longitudinal direction
Any direction
Truing
Dressing
Facing
Clearing
It is best suited for machining hard and brittle materials
It cuts materials at very slow speeds
It removes large amount of material
It produces good surface finish