Degradation of energy
Decrease in system pressure
Increase in the availability of energy
Increase in the temperature
A. Degradation of energy
Mechanical
Overall
Volumetric
Impeller
Gas
Arc
Thermit
Resistance
25
45
65
20
Cu
Zn
Fe
Ni
-55°
-40°
-33°
-58°
Blades of gas turbine
Piston of an I. C. engine
Flywheel of steam engine
Cycle chain
Low vapour pressure
Corrosive nature
High vapour pressure
High boiling point
Impact
Completely reversed
Dynamic
Static & dynamic
PCl5
Quick lime
CaCl2
Concentrated H2SO4
Compact & rugged construction with an accuracy of 0.1 to 1%
No moving parts and incurs negligible deflection under load
Provision of thermal compensation and is hermetically sealed
All 'a', 'b' & 'c'
90% tungsten carbide and 10% cobalt
70% aluminium oxide & 30% silica
30% nickel, 15% chromium & 55% tungsten
65% tungsten & 35% zirconium
Cermets
High speed steel
Alloy steel
Tungsten carbide
Fine grains
Coarse grains
Homogeneity
Dissolved elements (except cobalt)
Ultraviolet radiation
High atmospheric temperature
High ambient temperature
Damp atmosphere
A ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic above the 'Curie temperature'
Permanent magnets are made of hard materials, whereas electromagnets require soft magnetic materials
Soft magnetic materials (e.g., pure iron) have higher permeability and low hysterisis loss and coercive forces
Tungsten steel and alnico are not hard magnetic materials
Induction motor
Electrostatic precipitator
Fast breeder reactor
Magneto hydrodynamic generator (MHD)
Brass
Aluminium
Copper
Lead
5
15
30
45
Form slag by combining with impurities
Supply heat by undergoing exothermic reaction with impurities
Reduce the coke consumption
Reduce slag viscosity
Cathodic protection
Anodic protection
Usage of largest possible anodic area
Any one of these
Grain size
Fatigue limit
Surface hardness
Wear resistance
Metal changes from liquid state to solid state at freezing temperature
Solid phase temperature drops from freezing temperature to the room temperature
Liquid metal temperature drops from pouring temperature to room temperature
Liquid metal temperature drops from pouring temperature to freezing temperature
Wrought iron
Stainless steel
Mild steel
High speed steel
Aluminium
Copper
Titanium
Stainless steel
Magnesite
Chrome
Silica
Fireclay
Parallel flow with equal heat capacities
Counter flow with equal heat capacities
Counter flow with unequal heat capacities
Parallel flow with unequal heat capacities
Outside
Inside
Mean
None of these
Heat
Humidity
Weight
None of these
180°
212°
32°
273°
Malleable
Nodular
Ductile
Grey