Strip footing
Strap footing
Combined footing
Raft footing
B. Strap footing
Balusters
Newel posts
Balustrades
Railings
Cement is added to lime mortar to increase its hydraulic properties only
Lime surkhi mortar is used for pointing the walls
Lime should be slaked before preparing lime mortar
High early strength concrete is generally used in cold weather
English bond
Flemish bond
Header bond
Stretcher bond
Raft foundation
Grillage foundation
Well foundation
Isolated footing
50 cm
60 cm
80 cm
90 cm
Two directions without break in the slope on each side
Two directions with break in the slope on each side
Four directions without break in the slope on each side
Four directions with break in the slope on each side
H-pile
Pipe pile
Screw pile
Disc pile
English bond is used for brick masonry to support heavy loads
Double-Flemish bond is suitable for brick masonry to give uniform face appearance
The stretcher bond is used for the construction of half brick masonry brick
All the above
English cross bond
Dutch bond
Monk bond
Rat-trap bond
Transoms
Horns
Stops
Chocks
Hacking
Dubbing out
Blistering
Peeling
A combined footing is so proportioned that centre of gravity of supporting area coincides with centre of gravity of two column loads
A combined footing may be either rectangular or trapezoidal in shape
Trapezoidal shaped footings may be provided under any loading
All the above
Double Flemish bond facing and English bond backing in each course
English bond facing and double Flemish bond backing in each course
Stretcher bond facing and double Flemish bond backing in each course
Double Flemish bond facing and header bond backing in each course
Zero
A few degrees
10°
200°
The seismic method
Electrical resistivity method
Gravitational method
Both (a) and (b) of the above
Rocky soils
Clay soils
Sandy soil
All of these
Under-ream pile
Friction pile
Bearing pile
Sheet pile
Simplex pile
Mac-Arthur pile
Raymond pile
Franki pile
Cracks appear on the plastered surface in the form of hair cracks
In brick work, the efflorescence is removed by applying a solution of zinc sulphate and water
Excessive thermal variations in the backing or plaster causes the plaster to fall
All the above
Granite
Marble
Sand stone
Slate
Cleat
Stop
Horn
None of these
Coastal regions
Plain regions
Covering large areas
All of the above
1 day
4 days
7 days
14 days
Dubbing out
Floating
Knitting
Blistering
Ranging rod
Steel tape
Levelling staff
Boning rod
1 in 20
1 to 50
1 in 10
1 in 5
Lean concrete bed is provided
Thick concrete bed is provided
Reinforced concrete bed is provided
Both (a) and (c) of the above
Finishing of concrete
Curing of concrete
Placing of concrete
Compaction of concrete
Dead loads
Live loads
Wind loads
All of these
Isolated footing is provided under column to transfer the load safely to soil bed
Column footings may have steps or projections in the concrete base
Heavily loaded column base must be provided steel reinforcement in both directions
All the above