Proportional representation
Mixed-member proportional
Single-member district plurality
First-past-the-post
C. Single-member district plurality
Liberalism
Socialism
Conservatism
Fascism
Totalitarianism
Pluralism
Authoritarianism
Democracy
Ireland
Japan
France
Brazil
Conservatism
Liberalism
Socialism
Fascism
Dominant-party system
Multi-party system
Two-party system
Single-party system
Germany
Canada
China
Russia
Canada
Germany
Japan
Australia
Conservatism
Socialism
Fascism
Liberalism
By appointment from the legislature
By a direct vote of the people
By inheritance
By a council of elders
Political socialization
Failed state
Authoritarianism
Pluralism
Representative democracy
Direct democracy
Authoritarianism
Pluralism
To serve as the head of the legislature
To represent the country in international affairs
To serve as the ceremonial head of state
To be ready to assume the presidency in case of vacancy
Proportional representation
Mixed-member proportional
Single-member district plurality
First-past-the-post
Theocracy
Monarchy
Oligarchy
Plutocracy
A system where power is concentrated at the national level.
A system where power is divided between a central government and subnational units.
A system where there is no centralized government.
A system where power is held by a single authoritarian leader.
Max Weber
Karl Marx
Alexis de Tocqueville
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
The prime minister remains in power as long as they want.
The president takes over as the new executive.
New elections are called, and a new government is formed.
The military assumes control of the government.
The president serves as both the head of state and head of government.
The president is elected separately from the legislature.
The president can be removed from office by a vote of no confidence.
There is a clear separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches.
France
United States
United Kingdom
Greece
First-past-the-post
Proportional representation
Single transferable vote
Mixed-member proportional
Representative democracy
Direct democracy
Authoritarianism
Pluralism
The process of becoming a political party member.
The influence of social factors on an individual's political beliefs and values.
The formation of a new political party.
The spread of political ideologies through social media.
Japan
China
India
Brazil
Plutocracy
Monarchy
Autocracy
Oligarchy
Multi-party system
Dominant-party system
Two-party system
Single-party system
Dominant-party system
Multi-party system
Two-party system
Single-party system
Multiple political parties competing in elections
Strong protection of individual rights and civil liberties
A single leader or party with absolute control
A free and independent media
Subnational units have complete independence from the central government.
Subnational units have no political power.
Subnational units have some degree of autonomy and power.
Subnational units are governed directly by the central government.
Max Weber
Karl Marx
Robert Michels
E.E. Schattschneider
Political attitudes
Political socialization
Political participation
Political parties