According to Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, what is the term for the process of observing and imitating the behavior of others?
Operant conditioning
Modeling
Classical conditioning
Extinction
Correct Answer :
B. Modeling
Related Questions
Who developed the concept of the collective unconscious and archetypes in personality theory?
Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung
Alfred Adler
Karen Horney
Who developed the stages of moral development, including the pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional levels?
Lawrence Kohlberg
Sigmund Freud
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of rest or time without exposure to the conditioned stimulus?
Spontaneous recovery
Generalization
Discrimination
Extinction
What is the role of the amygdala in the brain?
Regulating body temperature
Processing emotions, especially fear and aggression
Controlling movement and coordination
Regulating sleep-wake cycles
According to the attachment theory, what term is used to describe the type of attachment where a child is distressed when a caregiver leaves but is easily comforted upon their return?
Secure attachment
Avoidant attachment
Anxious-ambivalent attachment
Disorganized attachment
Which part of the brain is associated with processing and regulating emotions, especially those related to fear and aggression?
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Which stage of sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements, increased brain activity, and vivid dreaming?
Stage 1
Stage 2
REM sleep
Deep sleep
What is the correct sequence of stages in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
Preoperational, Sensorimotor, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
Formal Operational, Concrete Operational, Preoperational, Sensorimotor
Concrete Operational, Formal Operational, Preoperational, Sensorimotor
According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, what comes first in the sequence of experiencing an emotion?
Physiological arousal
Cognitive appraisal
Behavioral response
Emotional experience
Who conducted the famous Little Albert experiment on classical conditioning?
John Watson and Rosalie Rayner
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Who proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance, which suggests that individuals experience discomfort when their attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent?
Leon Festinger
Solomon Asch
Stanley Milgram
Philip Zimbardo
Which type of reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring again?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the process of gradually reducing the intensity of a conditioned stimulus while still obtaining the conditioned response?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Habituation
What is the term for the process of encoding new information by associating it with information that is already stored in memory?
Chunking
Elaborative rehearsal
Maintenance rehearsal
Priming
Which type of memory is responsible for recalling facts and general knowledge about the world?
Procedural memory
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
Short-term memory
According to the Big Five personality traits, which trait is associated with being organized, responsible, and detail-oriented?
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Which neurotransmitter is associated with muscle control, arousal, and attention?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
GABA
Which perspective in psychology focuses on how behavior is influenced by unconscious desires and conflicts?
Humanistic
Cognitive
Psychoanalytic
Behavioral
Which type of conditioning involves learning associations between behaviors and their consequences?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational conditioning
Reflexive conditioning
According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, which stage is associated with the focus on toilet training?
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Genital
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for conserving energy and promoting relaxation?
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
What is the term for the phenomenon where a person's memory can be influenced by misleading information provided after an event?
Retroactive interference
Proactive interference
Misinformation effect
Source amnesia
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary crisis of late adulthood?
Integrity vs. Despair
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Which type of conditioning involves learning associations between stimuli and their consequences, leading to voluntary behaviors?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational conditioning
Reflexive conditioning
What is the term for the tendency to remember information that supports one's pre-existing beliefs while ignoring or forgetting information that contradicts them?
Confirmation bias
Availability heuristic
Anchoring and adjustment
Hindsight bias
What is the term for the tendency to attribute other people's behavior to internal, dispositional factors while underestimating the influence of external, situational factors?
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Confirmation bias
Availability heuristic
What is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in memory often referred to as?
Perception
Learning
Cognition
Memory
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to external, situational factors while underestimating the influence of internal, dispositional factors?
Confirmation bias
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Availability heuristic
Which type of learning occurs when a previously extinguished response re-emerges after a period of time without reinforcement?
Spontaneous recovery
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
Which stage of sleep is characterized by the slowest brain waves and deepest level of sleep?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4