In operant conditioning, what term is used to describe the process of weakening a behavior by removing a desired stimulus after the behavior occurs?
Reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
Shaping
Correct Answer :
C. Extinction
Related Questions
What is the role of the amygdala in the brain?
Regulating body temperature
Processing emotions, especially fear and aggression
Controlling movement and coordination
Regulating sleep-wake cycles
Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
GABA
According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, which stage is associated with the focus on the pleasure of the genitals?
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Genital
Which type of therapy focuses on changing irrational or maladaptive thought patterns to improve emotional well-being?
Cognitive therapy
Behavioral therapy
Psychoanalytic therapy
Humanistic therapy
Which type of reinforcement involves reinforcing a behavior after a specific number of responses?
Fixed-ratio
Variable-ratio
Fixed-interval
Variable-interval
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to external, situational factors while underestimating the influence of internal, dispositional factors?
Confirmation bias
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Availability heuristic
Who is associated with the social-cognitive theory and the concept of reciprocal determinism?
Abraham Maslow
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
Jean Piaget
According to Erikson, what is the primary task of infancy (0-1 year)?
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
What is the correct sequence of stages in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
Preoperational, Sensorimotor, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
Formal Operational, Concrete Operational, Preoperational, Sensorimotor
Concrete Operational, Formal Operational, Preoperational, Sensorimotor
Who is known for the hierarchy of needs, which includes physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs?
Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow
Erik Erikson
B.F. Skinner
According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, which stage is associated with the focus on toilet training?
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Genital
According to the concept of social loafing, what happens when individuals work in a group compared to when they work alone?
They tend to exert less effort in a group.
They tend to exert more effort in a group.
They exert the same level of effort in both situations.
Their effort is unpredictable and can vary.
Who is known for the theory of attachment, which emphasizes the importance of a secure emotional bond with a caregiver?
Mary Ainsworth
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Lev Vygotsky
According to Erikson, what is the primary task of late childhood (6-11 years)?
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Intimacy vs. Isolation
According to Erikson's theory, what is the primary task of early adulthood?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Which type of research design involves observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulation?
Experimental
Correlational
Descriptive
Survey
According to the attachment theory, what term is used to describe the type of attachment where a child is distressed when a caregiver leaves but is easily comforted upon their return?
Secure attachment
Avoidant attachment
Anxious-ambivalent attachment
Disorganized attachment
What is the term for the phenomenon where people are more likely to comply with a request after first agreeing to a smaller request?
Social facilitation
Door-in-the-face technique
Foot-in-the-door technique
Cognitive dissonance
According to the Big Five personality traits, which trait is associated with being organized, responsible, and detail-oriented?
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Which part of the brain is associated with decision-making, impulse control, and personality?
Amygdala
Prefrontal cortex
Hippocampus
Medulla
Which type of learning occurs when a previously extinguished response re-emerges after a period of time without reinforcement?
Spontaneous recovery
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, what comes first in the sequence of experiencing an emotion?
Physiological arousal
Cognitive appraisal
Behavioral response
Emotional experience
According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, what comes first in the sequence of experiencing an emotion?
Physiological arousal
Cognitive appraisal
Behavioral response
Emotional experience
What is the term for the tendency to attribute other people's behavior to internal, dispositional factors while underestimating the influence of external, situational factors?
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Confirmation bias
Availability heuristic
Which part of the brain is associated with processing and regulating emotions, especially those related to fear and aggression?
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Which type of reinforcement involves reinforcing a behavior after a varying number of responses?
Fixed-ratio
Variable-ratio
Fixed-interval
Variable-interval
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which category includes the need for safety, stability, and freedom from fear and anxiety?
Physiological needs
Safety needs
Love and belongingness needs
Esteem needs
Which type of conditioning involves learning associations between stimuli and their consequences, leading to voluntary behaviors?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational conditioning
Reflexive conditioning
Which type of memory is responsible for recalling information about how to do things or perform specific tasks?
Sensory memory
Procedural memory
Semantic memory
Short-term memory
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary crisis of late adulthood?
Integrity vs. Despair
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt