Which type of reinforcement involves reinforcing a behavior after a varying number of responses?
Fixed-ratio
Variable-ratio
Fixed-interval
Variable-interval
Correct Answer :
B. Variable-ratio
Related Questions
Who is known for the concept of the self-concept and the distinction between the real self and the ideal self?
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
Erik Erikson
Albert Bandura
Which type of conditioning involves learning associations between behaviors and their consequences?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational conditioning
Reflexive conditioning
Which type of memory is responsible for recalling information about how to do things or perform specific tasks?
Sensory memory
Procedural memory
Semantic memory
Short-term memory
Who is known for the hierarchy of cognitive development stages, including the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages?
B.F. Skinner
Lev Vygotsky
Albert Bandura
Jean Piaget
Who is known for the social learning theory and the concept of self-efficacy?
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
Abraham Maslow
Who is known for the concept of the zone of proximal development and emphasized the importance of social interactions in learning?
Abraham Maslow
Albert Bandura
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
Who developed the stages of moral development, including the pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional levels?
Lawrence Kohlberg
Sigmund Freud
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
According to Freud's theory, which part of the personality operates on the principle of immediate gratification and is driven by the pleasure principle?
Ego
Superego
Id
Conscience
Which type of learning occurs when a previously extinguished response re-emerges after a period of time without reinforcement?
Spontaneous recovery
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
Which part of the brain is responsible for processing and integrating sensory information from all senses except smell?
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Medulla
Parietal lobe
Which type of research design involves manipulating one or more independent variables to observe their effect on a dependent variable?
Experimental
Correlational
Descriptive
Observational
What is the term for the phenomenon where people's behavior changes in response to the presence of others?
Social facilitation
Social loafing
Deindividuation
Groupthink
Who is associated with the social-cognitive theory and the concept of reciprocal determinism?
Abraham Maslow
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
Jean Piaget
Who is known for the concept of the zone of proximal development and scaffolding in cognitive development?
Lev Vygotsky
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Lawrence Kohlberg
What is the term for the phenomenon where people are more likely to recall information that is at the beginning or end of a list?
Primacy effect
Recency effect
Serial position effect
Spacing effect
Which type of conditioning involves learning associations between stimuli and their consequences, leading to voluntary behaviors?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational conditioning
Reflexive conditioning
Who is known for the stages of moral development, which include pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional levels?
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Lawrence Kohlberg
Sigmund Freud
Which stage of sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements, increased brain activity, and vivid dreaming?
Stage 1
Stage 2
REM sleep
Deep sleep
What term is used to describe the process of encoding information by forming associations or links between new information and existing knowledge?
Chunking
Elaborative rehearsal
Maintenance rehearsal
Priming
Which type of memory is responsible for recalling facts and general knowledge about the world?
Procedural memory
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
Short-term memory
Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
GABA
Who is known for the theory of attachment, which emphasizes the importance of a secure emotional bond with a caregiver?
Mary Ainsworth
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Lev Vygotsky
Which type of research design involves observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulation?
Experimental
Correlational
Descriptive
Survey
What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?
To transmit electrical signals
To receive signals from other neurons
To produce neurotransmitters
To cover and protect the axon
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to external, situational factors while underestimating the influence of internal, dispositional factors?
Confirmation bias
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Availability heuristic
According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, which stage is associated with the focus on the pleasure of the genitals?
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Genital
Which part of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Frontal lobe
What is the term for the process of encoding new information by associating it with information that is already stored in memory?
Chunking
Elaborative rehearsal
Maintenance rehearsal
Priming
According to Erikson, what is the primary task of infancy (0-1 year)?
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
What is the term for the type of learning that occurs through observing and imitating the behavior of others?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
Cognitive learning