25 to 50 mm
25 to 75 mm
30 to 125 mm
50 to 100 mm
C. 30 to 125 mm
25 mm
25 to 40 mm
40 to 65 mm
65 to 100 mm
25 to 50 mm
25 to 75 mm
75 to 125 mm
50 to 100 mm
Undergoes volumetric changes
Swells excessively when wet
Shrinks excessively when dry
All the above
Combined footing
Raft footing
Pier footing
Strap footing
A base course is prepared as in cement concrete flooring
A 32 mm thick layer of cement concrete (1 : 2 : 4) is laid on the base course and the surface is made smooth by trowelling
Glass strips are driven into the layer according to the pattern required
After final grinding is over, oxalic acid mixed with water is spread over and rubbed hard with soft material
Ashlar arch
Rubble arch
Gauged brick arch
Axed brick arch
Less
More
Equal
Equal or more
Closer
Half brick
Bed
Bat
90 mm
150 mm
190 mm
200 mm
1/2
1
2
1/4
0.5 m
0.7 m
0.9 m
1.2 m
Cracking
Dubbing
Blistering
Hacking
15 cm × 15 cm × 1.8 cm
20 cm × 20 cm × 2 cm
22.5 × 22.5 cm × 2.2 cm
All the above
15 mm
25 mm
35 mm
45 mm
2
3
5
No limit
In Flemish bond, headers and stretchers are laid alternately in the same course
In Flemish bond every header in each course lies centrally over every stretcher of the underlying course
In English bond, stretchers are laid in every course
In English bond, headers and stretchers are laid in alternate courses
25 mm
40 mm
65 mm
100 mm
10 mm
20 mm
30 mm
40 mm
Pudlo
Impermo
Snowcem
All of these
Strength
Workability
Stability of structure
All the above
Ceiling
15 cm above floor level
200 cm
Level of the tap
Arches require more headroom to span the openings like doors, windows etc.
Arches require strong abutments to withstand arch thrust
Arches are difficult in construction
All of the above
Cornice
Coping
Frieze
Lintel
Cleat
Stop
Horn
None of these
English bond
Flemish bond
Russian band
Mixed bond
Column footing
Grillage footing
Raft footing
All the above
Simplex pile
Vibro pile
Raymond pile
Franki pile
(P/w) × [(1 + sin φ)/(1 - sin φ)]²
(P/w) × [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²
(P/2w) × [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²
(P/w) × [(1 + sin φ)/(1 - sin φ)]
The pile driven in sand is called sand pile
The drilled hole filled with sand is called sand pile
The sand piles are used for bearing purposes
None of these
Two directions without break in the slope on each side
Two directions with break in the slope on each side
Four directions without break in the slope on each side
Four directions with break in the slope on each side