What is the term for the tendency to favor information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or values?
Confirmation bias
Availability heuristic
Anchoring and adjustment
Hindsight bias
Correct Answer :
A. Confirmation bias
Related Questions
According to Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, what is the term for the process of observing and imitating the behavior of others?
Operant conditioning
Modeling
Classical conditioning
Extinction
Who is known for the theory of attachment, which emphasizes the importance of a secure emotional bond with a caregiver?
Mary Ainsworth
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Lev Vygotsky
Who developed the stages of moral development, including the pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional levels?
Lawrence Kohlberg
Sigmund Freud
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
Which type of therapy focuses on changing irrational or maladaptive thought patterns to improve emotional well-being?
Cognitive therapy
Behavioral therapy
Psychoanalytic therapy
Humanistic therapy
According to Erikson's theory, what is the primary task of early adulthood?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Which stage of sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements, increased brain activity, and vivid dreaming?
Stage 1
Stage 2
REM sleep
Deep sleep
According to Erikson's theory, what is the primary task of early childhood?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Who is known for the concept of the zone of proximal development and scaffolding in cognitive development?
Lev Vygotsky
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Lawrence Kohlberg
What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?
To transmit electrical signals
To receive signals from other neurons
To produce neurotransmitters
To cover and protect the axon
According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, which stage is associated with the focus on the pleasure of the genitals?
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Genital
Which neurotransmitter is associated with muscle control, arousal, and attention?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
GABA
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which category includes the need for safety, stability, and freedom from fear and anxiety?
Physiological needs
Safety needs
Love and belongingness needs
Esteem needs
Who is known for the social cognitive theory and the concept of reciprocal determinism?
Abraham Maslow
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
What is the term for the type of learning that occurs through observing and imitating the behavior of others?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
Cognitive learning
What is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in memory often referred to as?
Perception
Learning
Cognition
Memory
According to the stages of grief proposed by Elisabeth K�bler-Ross, which stage involves accepting the reality of the loss?
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Acceptance
According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, which stage is associated with the focus on toilet training?
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Genital
Which of the following best describes the placebo effect?
A phenomenon where participants' expectations or beliefs about a treatment influence their behavior or perception of an outcome.
The tendency for experimenters to unintentionally influence the results of a study.
A research design that involves giving participants a fake treatment to test the effectiveness of a real treatment.
The tendency for participants to withhold information from researchers.
What is the correct sequence of stages in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
Preoperational, Sensorimotor, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
Formal Operational, Concrete Operational, Preoperational, Sensorimotor
Concrete Operational, Formal Operational, Preoperational, Sensorimotor
What is the term for the phenomenon where a previously extinguished conditioned response reappears in the presence of a similar stimulus?
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
Extinction
Which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development is associated with the conflict of industry vs. inferiority?
Preschool age
School age
Adolescence
Young adulthood
Who is associated with the social-cognitive theory and the concept of reciprocal determinism?
Abraham Maslow
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
Jean Piaget
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary crisis of adolescence?
Trust vs. Mistrust
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Intimacy vs. Isolation
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary crisis of late adulthood?
Integrity vs. Despair
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Which type of research design involves observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulation?
Experimental
Correlational
Descriptive
Survey
In operant conditioning, what term is used to describe the process of weakening a behavior by removing a desired stimulus after the behavior occurs?
Reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
Shaping
According to the concept of social loafing, what happens when individuals work in a group compared to when they work alone?
They tend to exert less effort in a group.
They tend to exert more effort in a group.
They exert the same level of effort in both situations.
Their effort is unpredictable and can vary.
According to Maslow, what is the term for the motivation to fulfill one's potential and become the best one can be?
Esteem needs
Self-actualization
Safety needs
Belongingness and love needs
Who is known for the theory of multiple intelligences, which proposes that there are different types of intelligence beyond traditional measures like IQ?
Howard Gardner
Alfred Binet
David Wechsler
Charles Spearman
Who is known for the theory of cognitive development in which children actively construct their understanding of the world through their experiences?
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
Erik Erikson
Abraham Maslow