Internal migration
International migration
Forced migration
Step migration
A. Internal migration
Internal migration
International migration
Forced migration
Step migration
Natural boundary
Geometric boundary
Cultural boundary
Demarcated boundary
The maximum population size that a given environment can sustain indefinitely
The total land area of a country
The rate at which a population grows
The average number of children per woman in a population
Cultural assimilation
Cultural diffusion
Cultural integration
Cultural convergence
Cultural assimilation
Cultural integration
Cultural pluralism
Cultural adaptation
Deforestation
Afforestation
Reforestation
Conservation
Political boundaries
Economic systems
Language and local perceptions
Seismic activity
Coal
Natural gas
Solar energy
Petroleum
A historic battlefield
A synagogue with distinctive architectural elements
A coastal cliff formation
A volcanic mountain range
Formal region
Functional region
Cultural region
Vernacular region
Urban decay
Urban renewal
Suburbanization
Gentrification
Segregation
Assimilation
Integration
Pluralism
Sustainability
Conservation
Stewardship
Exploitation
A natural landform like a mountain range
A city skyline with skyscrapers
A desert with sand dunes
A dense forest with diverse wildlife
Relocation diffusion
Contagious diffusion
Hierarchical diffusion
Stimulus diffusion
Expansive pyramid
Constrictive pyramid
Stationary pyramid
Stable pyramid
Religious beliefs
Erosion patterns
Atmospheric pressure systems
Plate tectonics
Natural increase
Urbanization
Population decline
Urban renewal
Rural-to-urban migration
Counterurbanization
Brain drain
Dependency ratio
Capitalism
Socialism
Communism
Mixed economy
High levels of industrialization
Diverse ethnic composition
Historical political significance
Geographical isolation
Mechanization of agriculture
High levels of government intervention
Abundance of arable land
Limited access to technology
Formal region
Functional region
Vernacular region
Cultural region
Access to natural resources
Population density
Political stability
Cultural diversity
Urban sprawl
Gentrification
Zoning
Urban renewal
Counterurbanization
Urban sprawl
Gentrification
Suburbanization
It has multiple central business districts (CBDs)
It has a single dominant center where most economic activities are concentrated
It lacks organized transportation systems
It is characterized by a dispersed pattern of development
Strict zoning regulations
Investment in public transportation
Low population density
Easy access to highways
High levels of migration
Innovation and technological advancement
Isolation from neighboring cultures
Declining population
Primary sector
Secondary sector
Tertiary sector
Quaternary sector