What is the commonest type of primary urethral tumors?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
Correct Answer :
B. transitional cell carcinoma
the majority (55-77.6%) are transitional cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma in (11.9-21.5%), adenocarcinoma (5- 16.4%), others (5.5%).
Related Questions
During women`s life span, what percentage of women will develop keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder?
10%
20%
30%
40%
What is false regarding squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder (non-keratinized) subtype?
only in females
associated with chronic irritation, polypoid cystitis, and cystitis glandularis
no risk for squamous cell carcinoma
treated with estrogen, if symptomatic
Partial penectomy for urethral cancer is indicated in:
infiltrative proximal penile urethral carcinomas
infiltrative distal penile urethral carcinomas
recurrent proximal penile urethral carcinoma after laser resection
T3/N2/M0 at bulbar urethra
What percentage of bladder cancers is squamous cell type in origin?
2%
5%
70%
90%
What gene mutation is common in carcinoma-in-situ of urinary bladder?
RB
cyclin A
HRAS
CD-44
What is true regarding inverted papilloma of the bladder?
the standard treatment is transurethral resection
the prognosis for inverted papilloma is pathetic, with a recurrence rate of approximately 65%
the likelihood of synchronous urothelial carcinoma is 26%
has been shown to harbor p53 gene mutations
While deeply resecting a large bladder tumor, the surgeon noted loss of bladder distension, what should next step be?
increase the irrigation fluid and pursue the procedure
abort the procedure and leave a urethral catheter
perform cystogram and manage accordingly
perform abdominal exploration and manage accordingly
Concerning upper tract urothelial tumors, what is the single most important predictor of outcome?
tumor stage
tumor grade
lymphovascular invasion
lymph node spread
Risk factors for recurrence and progression of bladder cancers include the following:
multifocality
high tumor grade and advanced stage
presence of CIS
all of the above
The most significant prognostic factors for survival in female urethral cancers are:
sensitivity to chemotherapy and age at presentation
anatomic location and extent of the tumor
histologic type of the tumor and sensitivity to radiotherapy
tumors stage and grade
What is false regarding the symptomatology of urethral cancers?
obstructive LUTS are common presentations and occur in association with carcinoma in situ
might present as perineal abscesses and fistulae
could be asymptomatic
venereal diseases increase the risk of urethral cancers
The 5-yr survival rates of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are:
40 - 55%
55 - 70%
70 - 85%
85 - 100%
What is the likelihood that inverted papillomas of the upper urinary tract accompany tumors?
never
unlikely
likely
always
Regarding bladder neoplasia, squamous metaplasia differs from squamous dysplasia as the latter is/has:
well-differentiated tumor with broad-based invasive font
marked atypia distributed on wide areas of superficial urothelium
atypia is present
no atypia but marked degenerative epithelial changes
Once muscle invasion is detected in bladder cancers, what percentage of occult metastasis is expected?
30%
40%
50%
60%
What is false concerning upper tract urothelial tumors?
rarely diagnosed at autopsy
the peak incidence occurs between ages 70 and 80
they occur twice as frequently in men as in women
none of the above
The treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer in men includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
radical cysto-prostatectomy
anterior pelvic exenteration
bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy
creation of a urinary diversion
Immediately following transurethral resection of bladder tumors, intravesical installation of which material(s) is(are) contraindicated?
epirubicin
mitomycin c
BCG
none of the above
What is the ideal vesical tumor patient for bladder preservation?
patients with carcinoma in situ
patients with completely resected solitary tumor
patients with preserved kidney and liver functions after 2 courses of BCG
patients with leiomyosarcoma
Intravesical installation of BCG should NOT be given soon after bladder tumor resection (TURBT) because:
there will be no target tumor tissue to work on
post-op. hematuria interacts unfavorably with BCG composition
of the risk of systemic absorption and sepsis
of the high risk of BCG reflux to kidneys while bladder irrigation
Which of the following cystoscopic descriptions of bladder tumors is false?
nodular or sessile lesions usually invade muscle
papillary bladder tumors are typical of low stage and grade
carcinoma in situ appears as a flat, velvety patch
sarcomas commonly invade bladder base and ureteral orifices causing obstructions
What is the commonest type of primary urethral tumors?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
Bladder cancer patients who once failed BCG vaccine, should:
undergo cystectomy
try mitomycin c
take a second course of BCG
take a second course of BCG + quinolones
While resecting a large bladder tumor located at the right lateral wall, the surgeon observes a bladder perforation, what should next step be?
continue the procedure as perforations at this site do no harm
abort the procedure and leave a urethral catheter
convert tumor removal to open method and repair the defect
perform abdominal exploration and manage accordingly
The treatment of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer begins with:
single intravesical chemotherapy
TURBT
intravesical BCG vaccine
multiple bladder biopsies
What is the commonest manifestation of upper tract urothelial carcinomas?
obstructive uropathy
painless hematuria
pain radiating to the groin
locally advanced tumor
What is the most effective adjuvant intravesical therapy for bladder tumors?
cisplatin
BCG
mitomycin C
5-fluorouracil
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing upper urinary tract tumors?
obesity
consuming artificial sweeteners
asbestosis
analgesic abuse
Regarding ureteral cancers, what is the commonest part of tumor development?
upper ureter
middle ureter
lower ureter
comparable
For radical cystectomy, thromboembolism prophylaxis is required:
immediately before operation
immediately before incision and post-operative for 1 day
immediately before incision and post-operative for 15 days
immediately before incision and post-operative for 30 days