continue the procedure as perforations at this site do no harm
abort the procedure and leave a urethral catheter
convert tumor removal to open method and repair the defect
perform abdominal exploration and manage accordingly
B. abort the procedure and leave a urethral catheter
upper ureter
middle ureter
lower ureter
comparable
urine cytology
CT urography
cystoscopy
renal function tests
high specificity
high sensitivity
high reliability
strong validity
infiltrative proximal penile urethral carcinomas
infiltrative distal penile urethral carcinomas
recurrent proximal penile urethral carcinoma after laser resection
T3/N2/M0 at bulbar urethra
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
comparable
increase the irrigation fluid and pursue the procedure
abort the procedure and leave a urethral catheter
perform cystogram and manage accordingly
perform abdominal exploration and manage accordingly
irritative bladder symptoms
obstructive bladder symptoms
palpable suprapubic mass on physical examination
painless profuse hematuria
rarely diagnosed at autopsy
the peak incidence occurs between ages 70 and 80
they occur twice as frequently in men as in women
none of the above
leiomyoma
hemangioma
fibroepithelial polyp
lymphangioma
never
unlikely
likely
always
well-differentiated tumor with broad-based invasive font
marked atypia distributed on wide areas of superficial urothelium
atypia is present
no atypia but marked degenerative epithelial changes
epirubicin
mitomycin c
BCG
none of the above
RB
cyclin A
HRAS
CD-44
en bloc resection involving total penectomy, cystoprostatectomy, resection of the pubic rami and urogenital diaphragm, with pelvic lymphadenectomy. In addition, creating a urinary diversion.
total penectomy involving removal of the penis, urethra, and penile root
partial penectomy involving excision of the malignant lesion with 2-cm margins
transurethral resection or fulguration
leiomyosarcoma
rhabdosarcoma
carcinosarcoma
neurosarcoma
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
the standard treatment is transurethral resection
the prognosis for inverted papilloma is pathetic, with a recurrence rate of approximately 65%
the likelihood of synchronous urothelial carcinoma is 26%
has been shown to harbor p53 gene mutations
30%
40%
50%
60%
2 - 4%
4 - 6%
6 - 8%
8 - 10%
continue the procedure as perforations at this site do no harm
abort the procedure and leave a urethral catheter
convert tumor removal to open method and repair the defect
perform abdominal exploration and manage accordingly
obstructive uropathy
painless hematuria
pain radiating to the groin
locally advanced tumor
the lesion is solitary and no associated CIS
physically, a surgical margin of 2-cm can be obtained
the resected area should be far enough from ureteral orifices and the bladder neck
all of the following
10%
20%
30%
40%
0.6 - 2%
2 - 6%
6 - 10%
12 - 16%
patients with carcinoma in situ
patients with completely resected solitary tumor
patients with preserved kidney and liver functions after 2 courses of BCG
patients with leiomyosarcoma
only in females
associated with chronic irritation, polypoid cystitis, and cystitis glandularis
no risk for squamous cell carcinoma
treated with estrogen, if symptomatic
often of high-grade sarcomas
often associated with muscularis propria invasion
due to vesical polyps occluding ureteric orifices
should be resected but not diathermized
there will be no target tumor tissue to work on
post-op. hematuria interacts unfavorably with BCG composition
of the risk of systemic absorption and sepsis
of the high risk of BCG reflux to kidneys while bladder irrigation
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
history of pulmonary TB
total incontinence
immunosuppression
impaired renal function