What is the commonest manifestation of upper tract urothelial carcinomas?
obstructive uropathy
painless hematuria
pain radiating to the groin
locally advanced tumor
Correct Answer :
B. painless hematuria
hematuria either gross or microscopic occurs in 56% to 98% of patients.
Related Questions
Evaluation of painless hematuria includes all of the following,
EXCEPT:
urine cytology
CT urography
cystoscopy
renal function tests
The 5-yr survival rates of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are:
40 - 55%
55 - 70%
70 - 85%
85 - 100%
In women, what is the commonest type of cancers occurring in the proximal urethra?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
What is the most common sarcoma of the bladder?
leiomyosarcoma
rhabdosarcoma
carcinosarcoma
neurosarcoma
What might occur while resecting a bladder mass at the posterolateral wall?
bladder perforation
obturator nerve reflex
vesico-ureteral reflux
terrible bleeding
Intravesical installation of BCG should NOT be given soon after bladder tumor resection (TURBT) because:
there will be no target tumor tissue to work on
post-op. hematuria interacts unfavorably with BCG composition
of the risk of systemic absorption and sepsis
of the high risk of BCG reflux to kidneys while bladder irrigation
The treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer in men includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
radical cysto-prostatectomy
anterior pelvic exenteration
bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy
creation of a urinary diversion
What is the commonest manifestation of upper tract urothelial carcinomas?
obstructive uropathy
painless hematuria
pain radiating to the groin
locally advanced tumor
What is false regarding the symptomatology of urethral cancers?
obstructive LUTS are common presentations and occur in association with carcinoma in situ
might present as perineal abscesses and fistulae
could be asymptomatic
venereal diseases increase the risk of urethral cancers
In what percentages do upper tract urothelial tumors develop in patients with a bladder urothelial cancer?
2 - 4%
4 - 6%
6 - 8%
8 - 10%
Bladder tumors with hydronephrosis are:
often of high-grade sarcomas
often associated with muscularis propria invasion
due to vesical polyps occluding ureteric orifices
should be resected but not diathermized
Common benign urethral tumors include all of the following,
EXCEPT:
leiomyoma
hemangioma
fibroepithelial polyp
lymphangioma
While resecting a large bladder tumor located at the right lateral wall, the surgeon observes a bladder perforation, what should next step be?
continue the procedure as perforations at this site do no harm
abort the procedure and leave a urethral catheter
convert tumor removal to open method and repair the defect
perform abdominal exploration and manage accordingly
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing upper urinary tract tumors?
obesity
consuming artificial sweeteners
asbestosis
analgesic abuse
Regarding ureteral cancers, what is the commonest part of tumor development?
upper ureter
middle ureter
lower ureter
comparable
Regarding bladder neoplasia, squamous metaplasia differs from squamous dysplasia as the latter is/has:
well-differentiated tumor with broad-based invasive font
marked atypia distributed on wide areas of superficial urothelium
atypia is present
no atypia but marked degenerative epithelial changes
For radical cystectomy, thromboembolism prophylaxis is required:
immediately before operation
immediately before incision and post-operative for 1 day
immediately before incision and post-operative for 15 days
immediately before incision and post-operative for 30 days
What is the commonest type of primary urethral tumors?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
What is the commonest type of tumors occurring in the penile urethra?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
What is the most effective adjuvant intravesical therapy for bladder tumors?
cisplatin
BCG
mitomycin C
5-fluorouracil
What is the imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of a suspected urethral cancer?
ascending urethrography
voiding cystourethrography
MRI
IVU
What is true regarding inverted papilloma of the bladder?
the standard treatment is transurethral resection
the prognosis for inverted papilloma is pathetic, with a recurrence rate of approximately 65%
the likelihood of synchronous urothelial carcinoma is 26%
has been shown to harbor p53 gene mutations
What is the commonest type of tumors occurring in the female urethra?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
comparable
Which of the following cystoscopic descriptions of bladder tumors is false?
nodular or sessile lesions usually invade muscle
papillary bladder tumors are typical of low stage and grade
carcinoma in situ appears as a flat, velvety patch
sarcomas commonly invade bladder base and ureteral orifices causing obstructions
What is false regarding squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder (non-keratinized) subtype?
only in females
associated with chronic irritation, polypoid cystitis, and cystitis glandularis
no risk for squamous cell carcinoma
treated with estrogen, if symptomatic
Risk factors for recurrence and progression of bladder cancers include the following:
multifocality
high tumor grade and advanced stage
presence of CIS
all of the above
While deeply resecting a large bladder tumor, the surgeon noted loss of bladder distension, what should next step be?
increase the irrigation fluid and pursue the procedure
abort the procedure and leave a urethral catheter
perform cystogram and manage accordingly
perform abdominal exploration and manage accordingly
What is (are) the classic presentation(s) of bladder cancers?
irritative bladder symptoms
obstructive bladder symptoms
palpable suprapubic mass on physical examination
painless profuse hematuria
Which of the following statements concerning lymphatic drainage of the male urethra is true?
the anterior urethra drains into the inguinal and pelvic nodes
the posterior urethra drains into the pelvic nodes
the proximal two-thirds drain into the external and internal iliac nodes
the distal one-third drains into the obturator nodes
What percentage of bladder cancers is squamous cell type in origin?
2%
5%
70%
90%