the glandular component of the prostate
the IPSS questionnaire points
the PVR
the transitional zone volume
A. the glandular component of the prostate
smaller incisions with a shorter hospital stay
lower risk for blood transfusion
none of the above
. What is the first-line management of uncomplicated LUTS due to large prostate?
total and free PSA
renal ultrasonography
creatinine clearance
uroflowmetry
2 weeks after performing prostatic urethral lift
6-month treatment with 5α-reductase inhibitors
after placing a stent in the prostatic urethra
immediately after removing one-half of the prostate by TURP
it helps predict the response to 5α-reductase inhibitors
it monitors LUTS/BPH progression
BPH patients are at higher risk of developing prostate cancer
a & b
go for urine cytology testing
go for PSA testing
go for TRUS
use anticholinergic medication
removing small bladder stones
better access to prostatic fossa
technically, easier trigonization
. When comparing retropubic to suprapubic prostatectomy for removing prostatic adenoma, the former has the advantage of:
TURP
TUIP
HoLEP
HoLRP
0.2 1%
1.2 2.1%
2.3 3.4%
3.7 5.6%
before catheterization
after catheterization and before TURP
immediately after TURP
2 weeks after TURP
is specific for prostate symptom
is a seven-question, self-administered questionnaire that yields a total score that ranges from 0 to 35
a sum of 20 on IPSS scale is severe
it covers both voiding and storage symptomatology
peak flow rate of ≤ 12 mL/sec
prostate volume > 40 ml
PSA > 1.5 ng/dL
b & c
increased intravesical pressure
increased detrusor pressure
increase collagen deposition in the detrusor
detrusor smooth muscle hypertrophy
there is an increase in the number of epithelial and stromal cells
there is an increase in the size of epithelial and stromal cells
in BPH, epithelial to stromal cells ratio is 1:2
all of the above
operation time
duration of in-hospital stay
amount of blood transfused
time to catheter removal
complicates approximately 0.7% of cataract surgery cases
manifests as poor preoperative pupil dilation, iris prolapse, and progressive intraoperative miosis
it could persist long after the discontinuation of tamsulosin
intraoperative lidocaine reduces its incidence in patients taking α- adrenergic inhibitors
tamsulosin 0.8 mg
reassurance
repeat total and free PSA
diagnostic cystoscopy
cetrorelix
flutamide
dutasteride
zanoterone
each centimeter over the normal 2-cm prostate urethral length equates
an additional 12 g in prostate weight
each centimeter over the normal 2.5-cm prostate urethral length equates
an additional 10 g in prostate weight
hematuria and infections
migration and encrustation of the stent
irritative urinary symptoms and painful ejaculation
all of the above
anterior
median
left lateral
all of the above
the aim is to occlude the internal iliac vessels
there is a considerable radiation risk during the procedure
bilateral embolization provides better results
eye protection is not required
operating on patients with multiple bladder diverticula
operating on patients who cannot flex their hips and/or knees
unfavorable tissue preservation for pathological examination
. What is (are) the contraindication(s) to open prostatectomy for prostatic adenoma?
bladder stones
BPH
prostatitis syndrome
. What is (are) the indication(s) of antimuscarinic agents and PDEIs
the irrigating fluid is at a pressure exceeding 10 mm Hg
the prostate volume is > 45 cc
the resection time is > 90 minutes
all of the above
achieves better results when combined with antimuscarinic
enhances detrusor contractility resulting in higher Q-max
enhance detrusor relaxation during bladder-filling phase
increases voiding pressure that poses risk on renal function
the glandular component of the prostate
the IPSS questionnaire points
the PVR
the transitional zone volume
sizable bladder stones
Hutch diverticulum
a suspicion of cancer
a & b
combination of α-adrenergic blocker and 5α-reductase inhibitor
watchful waiting
TURP
. What is the commonest cause of LUTS in men beyond middle age?
damage to the internal sphincter
damage to the external sphincter
bladder perforation
damage to a ureteral orifice
IPSS
post void residual
prostate volume
Q-max at uroflowmetry