2 weeks after performing prostatic urethral lift
6-month treatment with 5α-reductase inhibitors
after placing a stent in the prostatic urethra
immediately after removing one-half of the prostate by TURP
B. 6-month treatment with 5α-reductase inhibitors
urolithiasis
receiving chemotherapy
upper tract surgery
painless hematuria
frequency, over-flow incontinence, straining, retention
straining, frequency, over-flow incontinence, retention
straining, frequency, retention, over-flow incontinence
frequency, straining, retention, over-flow incontinence
sizable bladder stones
Hutch diverticulum
a suspicion of cancer
a & b
provides tissue preservation for pathological examination
treats any size of prostatic adenoma
follows anatomic planes to remove the prostate in lobes
urinary incontinence is a significant drawback after HoLEP
2 weeks after performing prostatic urethral lift
6-month treatment with 5α-reductase inhibitors
after placing a stent in the prostatic urethra
immediately after removing one-half of the prostate by TURP
combination of α-adrenergic blocker and 5α-reductase inhibitor
watchful waiting
TURP
. What is the commonest cause of LUTS in men beyond middle age?
milder postoperative hematuria
tension-free bladder closure
extra-peritoneal approach
. When comparing TURP to open prostatectomy for removing prostatic adenoma, the latter has the following advantages, EXCEPT:
the most potent androgenic hormones in BPH development is DHT
type-2 steroid 5 α-reductase, is most commonly found in the prostate
castrated individuals before puberty will not develop BPH
as a man ages, the number of androgen receptors in the prostate decreases
cetrorelix
flutamide
dutasteride
zanoterone
achieves better results when combined with antimuscarinic
enhances detrusor contractility resulting in higher Q-max
enhance detrusor relaxation during bladder-filling phase
increases voiding pressure that poses risk on renal function
prostate sizes of up to 70 ml can be treated
not recommended in patients with metallic artificial hip
retreatment rates are lower than for TURP
can be performed in an office-based setting
smaller incisions with a shorter hospital stay
lower risk for blood transfusion
none of the above
. What is the first-line management of uncomplicated LUTS due to large prostate?
renal insufficiency
urinary retention
dry mouth
painless hematuria
IPSS
post void residual
prostate volume
Q-max at uroflowmetry
operating on patients with multiple bladder diverticula
operating on patients who cannot flex their hips and/or knees
unfavorable tissue preservation for pathological examination
. What is (are) the contraindication(s) to open prostatectomy for prostatic adenoma?
before catheterization
after catheterization and before TURP
immediately after TURP
2 weeks after TURP
corporal aspiration
corpora injection with an α-adrenergic agent
corpora injection with an α-adrenergic blocker
no treatment required
increased intravesical pressure
increased detrusor pressure
increase collagen deposition in the detrusor
detrusor smooth muscle hypertrophy
men with storage symptoms
men with ED
failed combination of α-adrenergic blocker and 5α-reductase inhibitor
a & b
bladder stones
BPH
prostatitis syndrome
. What is (are) the indication(s) of antimuscarinic agents and PDEIs
it focuses on last month`s symptoms
scores of moderate symptoms suggest surgical treatment if the patient`s quality of life was poor
it has been validated and translated to many languages
all of the above
sacral cord integrity
pelvic hematoma
pelvic floor muscle tenderness
prostatic median lobe hypertrophy
IPSS cannot be used to establish the diagnosis of BPH/LUTS
prostate biopsy is essential in diagnosing BPH and excluding cancers
PSA and uroflowmetry help diagnose the condition
none of the above
the size of the prostate correlates well to the degree of obstruction
a decrease of 3 points in IPSS is associated with a subjective perception of improvement
median lobe enlargement gives rise to serious obstructive symptoms
bladder trabeculation is not specific for an obstructing prostate
0.2 1%
1.2 2.1%
2.3 3.4%
3.7 5.6%
as a man ages, the responsiveness of prostate cells to androgenic stimuli decreases
adrenal androgens have no role in BPH development
type-1 steroid 5 α-reductase is functionally active in the hair follicle
all of the above
prostatic infarction
prostate infection
bladder overdistention
all of the above
calcium channel blockers
antihistamines
antidepressants
cold medications containing pseudoephedrine
occurs because of absorption of non-sodium-containing irrigating fluid
occurs only on using unipolar TURP
results in brain edema due to dilutional hyponatremia
positioning the patient in anti-Trendelenburg helps prevent the syndrome
bladder neck
apex
median lobe
para-collecular