To achieve better hemostasis in prostate laser surgery, what is the ideal wavelength that is easily absorbed by hemoglobin?
532 nm
694 nm
755 nm
1064 nm
Correct Answer :
A. 532 nm
self-explanatory.
Related Questions
In men with obstructive BPH, what will NOT resolve after TURP?
bladder trabeculation
significant PVR
low peak flow rate
high IPSS
What is false concerning the diagnosis of BPH?
IPSS cannot be used to establish the diagnosis of BPH/LUTS
prostate biopsy is essential in diagnosing BPH and excluding cancers
PSA and uroflowmetry help diagnose the condition
none of the above
BPH patients with severe irritative symptoms or microscopic hematuria should:
go for urine cytology testing
go for PSA testing
go for TRUS
use anticholinergic medication
Prostatic nodules palpated on DRE might indicate:
tuberculous prostatitis
prostatic cancer
inspissated prostatic abscess
any of the above
TURP syndrome is more likely to occur when:
the irrigating fluid is at a pressure exceeding 10 mm Hg
the prostate volume is > 45 cc
the resection time is > 90 minutes
all of the above
Smooth muscle tension in the prostate is mediated by which receptors?
α1-a
α1-b
α2-a
α2-b
In BPH patients, total PSA level correlates to:
the glandular component of the prostate
the IPSS questionnaire points
the PVR
the transitional zone volume
What is false concerning IPSS questionnaire?
is specific for prostate symptom
is a seven-question, self-administered questionnaire that yields a total score that ranges from 0 to 35
a sum of 20 on IPSS scale is severe
it covers both voiding and storage symptomatology
a. α-adrenergic blocker
combination of α-adrenergic blocker and 5α-reductase inhibitor
watchful waiting
TURP
. What is the commonest cause of LUTS in men beyond middle age?
A 55 yrs. male patient with familial BPH, IPSS 9, PSA 23ng/ml, prostate size 31 cc, PVR 54 cc, on watchful waiting management. Next step should be:
tamsulosin 0.8 mg
reassurance
repeat total and free PSA
diagnostic cystoscopy
BPH/LUTS patients when present with mild creatinine elevation, are advised to do:
total and free PSA
renal ultrasonography
creatinine clearance
uroflowmetry
What is false concerning needle ablation therapy of the prostate (TUNA)?
prostate sizes of up to 70 ml can be treated
not recommended in patients with metallic artificial hip
retreatment rates are lower than for TURP
can be performed in an office-based setting
What is false concerning the pathogenesis of BPH?
intra-prostatic levels of estrogen decrease in men with BPH
stimulation of the adrenergic nervous system results in a dynamic increase in prostatic urethral resistance
inflammation may play a role through cytokines to promote cell growth
hyperplasia occurs due to an imbalance between cell death and cell proliferation
Transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP):
is only indicated in small prostates
complications are related to the amount of lost blood and removed chips
is a minimal procedure where no risk of rectal injury or retrograde ejaculation have been reported
it entails making 1 or 2 incisions along all prostate lobes except the apical
What drug prevents recurrent gross hematuria secondary to BPH?
enoxaparin
silodosin
finasteride
tolterodine
a. management of concomitant Hutch diverticulum
removing small bladder stones
better access to prostatic fossa
technically, easier trigonization
. When comparing retropubic to suprapubic prostatectomy for removing prostatic adenoma, the former has the advantage of:
What is the initial response of the detrusor muscle to obstruction?
increased intravesical pressure
increased detrusor pressure
increase collagen deposition in the detrusor
detrusor smooth muscle hypertrophy
In BPH patients, which of the following measures reduces PSA value by one-half?
2 weeks after performing prostatic urethral lift
6-month treatment with 5α-reductase inhibitors
after placing a stent in the prostatic urethra
immediately after removing one-half of the prostate by TURP
The most serious complication of TURP is:
damage to the internal sphincter
damage to the external sphincter
bladder perforation
damage to a ureteral orifice
What is false concerning bladder and prostate histology in BPH?
obstruction results in bladder smooth muscle hypertrophy and myofibroblasts deposition
BPH occurs chiefly in the transitional zone and periurethral tissues
BPH microscopical changes begin in early thirties
histologic findings of chronic prostatitis are common in BPH
Which statement best describes the natural history of BPH:
worsening of LUTS and BPH over time
patients die of other reasons before serious complications occur
physically, the space of prostatic fossa limits the gland enlargement
ultimately, the gland will degenerate and undergo apoptosis
Open prostatectomy is preferred in treating BPH with:
sizable bladder stones
Hutch diverticulum
a suspicion of cancer
a & b
What is true regarding mirabegron, the β3 agonist, in treating BPH?
achieves better results when combined with antimuscarinic
enhances detrusor contractility resulting in higher Q-max
enhance detrusor relaxation during bladder-filling phase
increases voiding pressure that poses risk on renal function
What statement is true regarding post-void residual of urine (PVR)?
nearly all men have PVR of less than 12 ml
it predicts the outcome of surgical treatment
it correlates well with BPH/LUTS
it is diagnostic for bladder outlet obstruction
Which drug reduces the incidence of prostate cancer by 23% with a small increase in high-grade tumor incidence?
cetrorelix
flutamide
dutasteride
zanoterone
In men with LUTS, which of the following is NOT a compelling indication for upper urinary tract imaging?
urolithiasis
receiving chemotherapy
upper tract surgery
painless hematuria
When comparing HoLEP to open prostatectomy for a 70 g prostatic adenoma removal; what parameter goes in favor of the latter?
operation time
duration of in-hospital stay
amount of blood transfused
time to catheter removal
a. small fibrous glands
the presence of prostate cancer
previous prostatectomy
all of the above
. Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for prostatic adenoma has the following advantage over TURP:
What is the likelihood that PSA level in men with acute urinary retention due to urethral stricture will decrease after catheterization?
never
unlikely
likely
always
In BPH, the etiology of acute urinary retention includes:
prostatic infarction
prostate infection
bladder overdistention
all of the above