What if false concerning the prostate cancer marker PCA3?
entails a genetic analysis of cells in the voided urine
urine sample is collected after a firm massage of the prostate
helps screen patients who are at intermediate risk of cancer
helps avoid the inconvenience of prostate biopsy
Correct Answer :
C. helps screen patients who are at intermediate risk of cancer
PCA3 is not for screening.
Related Questions
What is false concerning thawing procedure to treat prostate cancer cells?
slow thawing is more effective than rapid thawing
the most common complication is erectile dysfunction
for effective thawing a minimum temperature of − 25° C and a double freeze/thaw cycle with urethral warming are recommended
the two most common modalities employed in focal therapy are highintensity focused ultrasound and cryosurgery
Regarding treating prostate cancer patients, watchful waiting strategy involves:
periodic PSA testing
periodic TRUS
all of the above
none of the above
Regarding radiotherapy for prostate cancer, what is the lowest recommended dose for salvage therapy?
54 Gy
64 Gy
74 Gy
84 Gy
In which of the following situations prostate biopsy is most indicated?
normal DRE, abnormal PSA
abnormal DRE, abnormal PSA
abnormal DRE, normal PSA
hyperechoic areas on TRUS
Partin tables are probability tables for the determination of pathologic stages of prostatic cancers based on:
preoperative clinical stage, PSA level, and Gleason sum
seminal vesicle invasion, lymph node metastases, and Gleason sum
positive surgical margins, capsular penetration, and PSA level
PSA level, perineural invasion, vascular metastasis, and Gleason sum
Prostate-specific membrane antigen has been detected in:
the prostate gland only
the central nervous system, intestine, and the prostate
malignant ovarian cysts, skeletal muscles, and the prostate
thyroid glands, adrenals, and the prostate
Clinically significant prostate cancer is defined as:
volume ≥ 0.5 mL and/or a Gleason score of ≥ 3 + 4
volume ≥ 0.8 mL and/or a Gleason score of ≥ 4 + 4
volume ≥ 1.5 mL and/or a Gleason score of ≥ 4 + 3
volume ≥ 1.0 mL and/or a Gleason score of ≥ 3 + 3
For prostate cancer patients, what do Partin tables predict?
survival rate
pathologic stage
extracapsular extension
lymph node involvement
Solid lesions in the seminal vesicles are most likely to be a result of:
imperfect prostate biopsies
immature teratoma
schistosomiasis
liposarcoma
What is against using TRUS-guided therapy for focal prostate cancer?
it overdiagnoses clinically insignificant cancers
it misses clinically significant cancers in the anterior or apical regions
it may underrepresent true cancer burden
all of the above
Fill the blanks: on treating prostate cancer patients, the median time from PSA failure to the development of metastatic disease after radical prostatectomy is approximately (…) yrs. and from the time of metastases to death is approximately (…) yrs..
4, 2 respectively
8, 5 respectively
6, 3 respectively
7, 4 respectively
What is false concerning prostate cancer?
the most common cause of mortality in men with prostate cancer is cardiac disease
is the second most common cause of cancer death in males
androgens have a pivotal role in prostate cancer development
low protein and high carbohydrate diet play a role in the development of prostate cancer
In which of the following cases PSA testing is NOT indicated:
72 yrs. man newly diagnosed BPH with normal DRE
2 weeks post TURP for obstructing cancerous prostate
screening for prostate cancer in 75 yrs. old Caucasian man
43 yrs. man with obstructive LUTS, who had a first-degree relative diagnosed with prostate cancer before age 65
Following bilateral orchiectomy for prostate cancer, testosterone will:
initially drop to nadir, and then recover over 2 weeks
decline by 50% within 2 weeks and then normalize
decline by 90% within 24 hours
decline by 70%
Genetically, increased risk of prostate cancer has been found in men with:
variants in the 8q24 region on chromosome 8, in sporadic cases
alterations on chromosome 1, chromosome 17, and the X chromosome, in some familial cases
the human prostate cancer gene is on the X chromosome
all are true
Regarding radical prostatectomy, the commonest site of positive surgical margins is the:
apex
posterior
postero-lateral
anterior
What are the clinical parameters of tissue ablation achieved by cryotherapy for cancer cells destruction?
the number of freezing cycles
the lowest temperature achieved
the existence of regional heat sinks
all of the above
BPH patients on finasteride longer than 6 months are expected to have:
decreased t-PSA but increased f-PSA
decreased t-PSA but unaltered f-PSA
decreased t-PSA and decreased f-PSA
any of the above
What is true regarding prostatic tissue levels of hK2?
intensely expressed in benign prostatic epithelium
increased in poorly differentiated prostate cancer tissue
helps differentiate benign from malignant causes of high t-PSA
is an organ but not pathology specific marker
What is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer?
bisphosphonate
docetaxel
sipuleucel-T
enzalutamide
What is the major advantage of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation before radical prostatectomy on treating clinical stages (cT1-T2) prostate cancers?
reduces positive surgical margins
reduces local recurrence
has no proven advantage
reduces cardiac complications
What fraction of men with a PSA value between 4 and 10 ng/mL has an organ-confined prostate cancer?
¼
½
What is true about the usefulness of Gleason scoring system?
used to stage prostate cancer
a specimen of grade 3 + 4 is worse than 4 + 3
a sum of 6 suggests an intermediate risk for aggressive cancer
it has a role in guiding the appropriate treatment options
What is false regarding the diagnosis of prostate cancer?
most cases are identified by screening asymptomatic men
physical examination alone cannot reliably differentiate benign prostatic conditions from cancer
most diagnosed cases have normal DRE and PSA values
prostate biopsy establishes the diagnosis
What are the possible complications of CO2 pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic/robotic prostatectomy?
hypoxia and acidosis
tachycardia and tachypnea
bradycardia and hypotension
hypercarbia and oliguria
What is true concerning TRUS prostatic biopsy?
hematospermia might persist for 4 6 weeks after taking biopsies
quinolone antibiotics prophylaxis eliminate possible infections
the right lateral decubitus position is commonly preferred
only hypoechoic lesions should be biopsied
What is true regarding seminal vesicles` involvement in prostate cancer?
is almost always due to direct extension (T2c)
it is involved in 85% of positive surgical margins following radical prostatectomy
it carries a poor prognosis
none of the above
In descending order, to where do prostate cancers metastasize?
lymph nodes, bone, lung, bladder, liver, and adrenal glands
bone, lung, lymph nodes, liver, bladder, and adrenal glands
lung, liver, lymph nodes, bone, adrenal glands, and bladder
liver, lung, bone, lymph nodes, bladder, and adrenal glands
Which factor(s) determine(s) the return to normal erectile function after radical retropubic prostatectomy?
the age of the patient
preoperative potency status
extent of nerve-sparing surgery
all of the above
In which of the following PSA readings prostate cancer is least suspected?
PSA velocity of 0.35 ng/mL/y, when the PSA is ≤ 2.5 ng/mL
PSA velocity of 0.75 ng/mL/y, when the PSA is 4 10 ng/mL
t-PSA is 2.8 ng/mL, f-PSA 0.94 ng/mL
t-PSA is 3.7 ng/mL, f-PSA 0.51 ng/mL